4688 lines
206 KiB
HTML
4688 lines
206 KiB
HTML
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
||
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
||
tab-stops:list 46.3pt;
|
||
font-size:12.0pt;
|
||
mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;
|
||
font-family:Palatino;
|
||
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
|
||
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";}
|
||
p.MsoListBullet4, li.MsoListBullet4, div.MsoListBullet4
|
||
{mso-style-update:auto;
|
||
margin-top:6.0pt;
|
||
margin-right:0cm;
|
||
margin-bottom:0cm;
|
||
margin-left:60.45pt;
|
||
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
|
||
text-align:justify;
|
||
text-indent:-18.0pt;
|
||
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
|
||
mso-list:l5 level1 lfo15;
|
||
tab-stops:list 60.45pt;
|
||
font-size:12.0pt;
|
||
mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;
|
||
font-family:Palatino;
|
||
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
|
||
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";}
|
||
p.MsoListBullet5, li.MsoListBullet5, div.MsoListBullet5
|
||
{mso-style-update:auto;
|
||
margin-top:6.0pt;
|
||
margin-right:0cm;
|
||
margin-bottom:0cm;
|
||
margin-left:74.6pt;
|
||
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
|
||
text-align:justify;
|
||
text-indent:-18.0pt;
|
||
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
|
||
mso-list:l4 level1 lfo18;
|
||
tab-stops:list 74.6pt;
|
||
font-size:12.0pt;
|
||
mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;
|
||
font-family:Palatino;
|
||
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
|
||
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";}
|
||
p.MsoListNumber2, li.MsoListNumber2, div.MsoListNumber2
|
||
{margin-top:6.0pt;
|
||
margin-right:0cm;
|
||
margin-bottom:0cm;
|
||
margin-left:32.15pt;
|
||
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
|
||
text-align:justify;
|
||
text-indent:-18.0pt;
|
||
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
|
||
mso-list:l3 level1 lfo21;
|
||
tab-stops:list 32.15pt;
|
||
font-size:12.0pt;
|
||
mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;
|
||
font-family:Palatino;
|
||
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
|
||
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";}
|
||
p.MsoListNumber3, li.MsoListNumber3, div.MsoListNumber3
|
||
{margin-top:6.0pt;
|
||
margin-right:0cm;
|
||
margin-bottom:0cm;
|
||
margin-left:46.3pt;
|
||
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
|
||
text-align:justify;
|
||
text-indent:-18.0pt;
|
||
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
|
||
mso-list:l2 level1 lfo24;
|
||
tab-stops:list 46.3pt;
|
||
font-size:12.0pt;
|
||
mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;
|
||
font-family:Palatino;
|
||
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
|
||
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";}
|
||
p.MsoListNumber4, li.MsoListNumber4, div.MsoListNumber4
|
||
{margin-top:6.0pt;
|
||
margin-right:0cm;
|
||
margin-bottom:0cm;
|
||
margin-left:60.45pt;
|
||
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
|
||
text-align:justify;
|
||
text-indent:-18.0pt;
|
||
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
|
||
mso-list:l1 level1 lfo27;
|
||
tab-stops:list 60.45pt;
|
||
font-size:12.0pt;
|
||
mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;
|
||
font-family:Palatino;
|
||
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
|
||
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";}
|
||
p.MsoListNumber5, li.MsoListNumber5, div.MsoListNumber5
|
||
{margin-top:6.0pt;
|
||
margin-right:0cm;
|
||
margin-bottom:0cm;
|
||
margin-left:74.6pt;
|
||
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
|
||
text-align:justify;
|
||
text-indent:-18.0pt;
|
||
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
|
||
mso-list:l0 level1 lfo30;
|
||
tab-stops:list 74.6pt;
|
||
font-size:12.0pt;
|
||
mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;
|
||
font-family:Palatino;
|
||
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
|
||
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";}
|
||
p.MsoTitle, li.MsoTitle, div.MsoTitle
|
||
{mso-style-parent:"Heading 1";
|
||
margin-top:24.0pt;
|
||
margin-right:0cm;
|
||
margin-bottom:36.0pt;
|
||
margin-left:0cm;
|
||
text-align:center;
|
||
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
|
||
page-break-after:avoid;
|
||
font-size:24.0pt;
|
||
mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;
|
||
font-family:AvantGarde;
|
||
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
|
||
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
|
||
font-weight:bold;
|
||
mso-bidi-font-weight:normal;}
|
||
p.MsoClosing, li.MsoClosing, div.MsoClosing
|
||
{margin-top:6.0pt;
|
||
margin-right:0cm;
|
||
margin-bottom:0cm;
|
||
margin-left:212.6pt;
|
||
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
|
||
text-align:justify;
|
||
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
|
||
font-size:12.0pt;
|
||
mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;
|
||
font-family:Palatino;
|
||
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
|
||
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";}
|
||
p.MsoSignature, li.MsoSignature, div.MsoSignature
|
||
{margin-top:6.0pt;
|
||
margin-right:0cm;
|
||
margin-bottom:0cm;
|
||
margin-left:212.6pt;
|
||
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
|
||
text-align:justify;
|
||
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
|
||
font-size:12.0pt;
|
||
mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;
|
||
font-family:Palatino;
|
||
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
|
||
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";}
|
||
p.MsoBodyText, li.MsoBodyText, div.MsoBodyText
|
||
{margin-top:6.0pt;
|
||
margin-right:0cm;
|
||
margin-bottom:6.0pt;
|
||
margin-left:0cm;
|
||
text-align:justify;
|
||
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
|
||
font-size:12.0pt;
|
||
mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;
|
||
font-family:Palatino;
|
||
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
|
||
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";}
|
||
p.MsoBodyTextIndent, li.MsoBodyTextIndent, div.MsoBodyTextIndent
|
||
{margin-top:6.0pt;
|
||
margin-right:0cm;
|
||
margin-bottom:6.0pt;
|
||
margin-left:14.15pt;
|
||
text-align:justify;
|
||
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
|
||
font-size:12.0pt;
|
||
mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;
|
||
font-family:Palatino;
|
||
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
|
||
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";}
|
||
p.MsoListContinue, li.MsoListContinue, div.MsoListContinue
|
||
{margin-top:6.0pt;
|
||
margin-right:0cm;
|
||
margin-bottom:6.0pt;
|
||
margin-left:14.15pt;
|
||
text-align:justify;
|
||
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
|
||
font-size:12.0pt;
|
||
mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;
|
||
font-family:Palatino;
|
||
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
|
||
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";}
|
||
p.MsoListContinue2, li.MsoListContinue2, div.MsoListContinue2
|
||
{margin-top:6.0pt;
|
||
margin-right:0cm;
|
||
margin-bottom:6.0pt;
|
||
margin-left:28.3pt;
|
||
text-align:justify;
|
||
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
|
||
font-size:12.0pt;
|
||
mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;
|
||
font-family:Palatino;
|
||
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
|
||
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";}
|
||
p.MsoListContinue3, li.MsoListContinue3, div.MsoListContinue3
|
||
{margin-top:6.0pt;
|
||
margin-right:0cm;
|
||
margin-bottom:6.0pt;
|
||
margin-left:42.45pt;
|
||
text-align:justify;
|
||
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
|
||
font-size:12.0pt;
|
||
mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;
|
||
font-family:Palatino;
|
||
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
|
||
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";}
|
||
p.MsoListContinue4, li.MsoListContinue4, div.MsoListContinue4
|
||
{margin-top:6.0pt;
|
||
margin-right:0cm;
|
||
margin-bottom:6.0pt;
|
||
margin-left:56.6pt;
|
||
text-align:justify;
|
||
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
|
||
font-size:12.0pt;
|
||
mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;
|
||
font-family:Palatino;
|
||
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
|
||
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";}
|
||
p.MsoListContinue5, li.MsoListContinue5, div.MsoListContinue5
|
||
{margin-top:6.0pt;
|
||
margin-right:0cm;
|
||
margin-bottom:6.0pt;
|
||
margin-left:70.75pt;
|
||
text-align:justify;
|
||
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
|
||
font-size:12.0pt;
|
||
mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;
|
||
font-family:Palatino;
|
||
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
|
||
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";}
|
||
p.MsoMessageHeader, li.MsoMessageHeader, div.MsoMessageHeader
|
||
{margin-top:6.0pt;
|
||
margin-right:0cm;
|
||
margin-bottom:0cm;
|
||
margin-left:2.0cm;
|
||
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
|
||
text-align:justify;
|
||
text-indent:-2.0cm;
|
||
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
|
||
background:#CCCCCC;
|
||
mso-shading:windowtext;
|
||
mso-pattern:gray-20 auto;
|
||
border:none;
|
||
mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .75pt;
|
||
padding:0cm;
|
||
mso-padding-alt:1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt;
|
||
font-size:12.0pt;
|
||
mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;
|
||
font-family:Arial;
|
||
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
|
||
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";}
|
||
p.MsoSubtitle, li.MsoSubtitle, div.MsoSubtitle
|
||
{margin-top:6.0pt;
|
||
margin-right:0cm;
|
||
margin-bottom:3.0pt;
|
||
margin-left:0cm;
|
||
text-align:center;
|
||
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
|
||
mso-outline-level:2;
|
||
font-size:12.0pt;
|
||
mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;
|
||
font-family:Arial;
|
||
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
|
||
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";}
|
||
p.MsoSalutation, li.MsoSalutation, div.MsoSalutation
|
||
{mso-style-next:Normal;
|
||
margin-top:6.0pt;
|
||
margin-right:0cm;
|
||
margin-bottom:0cm;
|
||
margin-left:0cm;
|
||
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
|
||
text-align:justify;
|
||
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
|
||
font-size:12.0pt;
|
||
mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;
|
||
font-family:Palatino;
|
||
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
|
||
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";}
|
||
p.MsoDate, li.MsoDate, div.MsoDate
|
||
{mso-style-next:Normal;
|
||
margin-top:6.0pt;
|
||
margin-right:0cm;
|
||
margin-bottom:0cm;
|
||
margin-left:0cm;
|
||
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
|
||
text-align:justify;
|
||
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
|
||
font-size:12.0pt;
|
||
mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;
|
||
font-family:Palatino;
|
||
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
|
||
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";}
|
||
p.MsoBodyTextFirstIndent, li.MsoBodyTextFirstIndent, div.MsoBodyTextFirstIndent
|
||
{mso-style-parent:"Body Text";
|
||
margin-top:6.0pt;
|
||
margin-right:0cm;
|
||
margin-bottom:6.0pt;
|
||
margin-left:0cm;
|
||
text-align:justify;
|
||
text-indent:10.5pt;
|
||
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
|
||
font-size:12.0pt;
|
||
mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;
|
||
font-family:Palatino;
|
||
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
|
||
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";}
|
||
p.MsoBodyTextFirstIndent2, li.MsoBodyTextFirstIndent2, div.MsoBodyTextFirstIndent2
|
||
{mso-style-parent:"Body Text Indent";
|
||
margin-top:6.0pt;
|
||
margin-right:0cm;
|
||
margin-bottom:6.0pt;
|
||
margin-left:14.15pt;
|
||
text-align:justify;
|
||
text-indent:10.5pt;
|
||
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
|
||
font-size:12.0pt;
|
||
mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;
|
||
font-family:Palatino;
|
||
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
|
||
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";}
|
||
p.MsoNoteHeading, li.MsoNoteHeading, div.MsoNoteHeading
|
||
{mso-style-next:Normal;
|
||
margin-top:6.0pt;
|
||
margin-right:0cm;
|
||
margin-bottom:0cm;
|
||
margin-left:0cm;
|
||
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
|
||
text-align:justify;
|
||
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
|
||
font-size:12.0pt;
|
||
mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;
|
||
font-family:Palatino;
|
||
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
|
||
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";}
|
||
p.MsoBodyText2, li.MsoBodyText2, div.MsoBodyText2
|
||
{margin-top:6.0pt;
|
||
margin-right:0cm;
|
||
margin-bottom:6.0pt;
|
||
margin-left:0cm;
|
||
text-align:justify;
|
||
line-height:200%;
|
||
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
|
||
font-size:12.0pt;
|
||
mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;
|
||
font-family:Palatino;
|
||
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
|
||
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";}
|
||
p.MsoBodyText3, li.MsoBodyText3, div.MsoBodyText3
|
||
{margin-top:6.0pt;
|
||
margin-right:0cm;
|
||
margin-bottom:6.0pt;
|
||
margin-left:0cm;
|
||
text-align:justify;
|
||
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
|
||
font-size:8.0pt;
|
||
mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;
|
||
font-family:Palatino;
|
||
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
|
||
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";}
|
||
p.MsoBodyTextIndent2, li.MsoBodyTextIndent2, div.MsoBodyTextIndent2
|
||
{margin-top:6.0pt;
|
||
margin-right:0cm;
|
||
margin-bottom:6.0pt;
|
||
margin-left:14.15pt;
|
||
text-align:justify;
|
||
line-height:200%;
|
||
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
|
||
font-size:12.0pt;
|
||
mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;
|
||
font-family:Palatino;
|
||
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
|
||
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";}
|
||
p.MsoBodyTextIndent3, li.MsoBodyTextIndent3, div.MsoBodyTextIndent3
|
||
{margin-top:6.0pt;
|
||
margin-right:0cm;
|
||
margin-bottom:6.0pt;
|
||
margin-left:14.15pt;
|
||
text-align:justify;
|
||
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
|
||
font-size:8.0pt;
|
||
mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;
|
||
font-family:Palatino;
|
||
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
|
||
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";}
|
||
p.MsoBlockText, li.MsoBlockText, div.MsoBlockText
|
||
{margin-top:6.0pt;
|
||
margin-right:72.0pt;
|
||
margin-bottom:6.0pt;
|
||
margin-left:72.0pt;
|
||
text-align:justify;
|
||
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
|
||
font-size:12.0pt;
|
||
mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;
|
||
font-family:Palatino;
|
||
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
|
||
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";}
|
||
a:link, span.MsoHyperlink
|
||
{color:blue;
|
||
text-decoration:underline;
|
||
text-underline:single;}
|
||
a:visited, span.MsoHyperlinkFollowed
|
||
{color:purple;
|
||
text-decoration:underline;
|
||
text-underline:single;}
|
||
p.MsoDocumentMap, li.MsoDocumentMap, div.MsoDocumentMap
|
||
{margin-top:6.0pt;
|
||
margin-right:0cm;
|
||
margin-bottom:0cm;
|
||
margin-left:0cm;
|
||
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
|
||
text-align:justify;
|
||
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
|
||
background:navy;
|
||
font-size:12.0pt;
|
||
mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;
|
||
font-family:Tahoma;
|
||
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
|
||
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";}
|
||
p.MsoPlainText, li.MsoPlainText, div.MsoPlainText
|
||
{margin-top:6.0pt;
|
||
margin-right:0cm;
|
||
margin-bottom:0cm;
|
||
margin-left:0cm;
|
||
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
|
||
text-align:justify;
|
||
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
|
||
font-size:10.0pt;
|
||
font-family:"Courier New";
|
||
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
|
||
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";}
|
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@list l3:level1
|
||
{mso-level-style-link:"List Number 2";
|
||
mso-level-tab-stop:32.15pt;
|
||
mso-level-number-position:left;
|
||
margin-left:32.15pt;
|
||
text-indent:-18.0pt;}
|
||
@list l4
|
||
{mso-list-id:-128;
|
||
mso-list-type:simple;
|
||
mso-list-template-ids:1755879134;}
|
||
@list l4:level1
|
||
{mso-level-number-format:bullet;
|
||
mso-level-style-link:"List Bullet 5";
|
||
mso-level-text:\F0B7;
|
||
mso-level-tab-stop:74.6pt;
|
||
mso-level-number-position:left;
|
||
margin-left:74.6pt;
|
||
text-indent:-18.0pt;
|
||
font-family:Symbol;}
|
||
@list l5
|
||
{mso-list-id:-127;
|
||
mso-list-type:simple;
|
||
mso-list-template-ids:2096911266;}
|
||
@list l5:level1
|
||
{mso-level-number-format:bullet;
|
||
mso-level-style-link:"List Bullet 4";
|
||
mso-level-text:\F0B7;
|
||
mso-level-tab-stop:60.45pt;
|
||
mso-level-number-position:left;
|
||
margin-left:60.45pt;
|
||
text-indent:-18.0pt;
|
||
font-family:Symbol;}
|
||
@list l6
|
||
{mso-list-id:-126;
|
||
mso-list-type:simple;
|
||
mso-list-template-ids:-283486216;}
|
||
@list l6:level1
|
||
{mso-level-number-format:bullet;
|
||
mso-level-style-link:"List Bullet 3";
|
||
mso-level-text:\F0B7;
|
||
mso-level-tab-stop:46.3pt;
|
||
mso-level-number-position:left;
|
||
margin-left:46.3pt;
|
||
text-indent:-18.0pt;
|
||
font-family:Symbol;}
|
||
@list l7
|
||
{mso-list-id:-125;
|
||
mso-list-type:simple;
|
||
mso-list-template-ids:-869654614;}
|
||
@list l7:level1
|
||
{mso-level-number-format:bullet;
|
||
mso-level-style-link:"List Bullet 2";
|
||
mso-level-text:\F0B7;
|
||
mso-level-tab-stop:32.15pt;
|
||
mso-level-number-position:left;
|
||
margin-left:32.15pt;
|
||
text-indent:-18.0pt;
|
||
font-family:Symbol;}
|
||
@list l8
|
||
{mso-list-id:-120;
|
||
mso-list-type:simple;
|
||
mso-list-template-ids:1656127484;}
|
||
@list l8:level1
|
||
{mso-level-style-link:"List Number";
|
||
mso-level-tab-stop:18.0pt;
|
||
mso-level-number-position:left;
|
||
margin-left:18.0pt;
|
||
text-indent:-18.0pt;}
|
||
@list l9
|
||
{mso-list-id:-119;
|
||
mso-list-type:simple;
|
||
mso-list-template-ids:-1558526472;}
|
||
@list l9:level1
|
||
{mso-level-number-format:bullet;
|
||
mso-level-style-link:"List Bullet";
|
||
mso-level-text:\F0B7;
|
||
mso-level-tab-stop:18.0pt;
|
||
mso-level-number-position:left;
|
||
margin-left:18.0pt;
|
||
text-indent:-18.0pt;
|
||
font-family:Symbol;}
|
||
@list l10
|
||
{mso-list-id:-2;
|
||
mso-list-type:simple;
|
||
mso-list-template-ids:-800445010;}
|
||
@list l10:level1
|
||
{mso-level-start-at:0;
|
||
mso-level-text:*;
|
||
mso-level-tab-stop:none;
|
||
mso-level-number-position:left;
|
||
margin-left:0cm;
|
||
text-indent:0cm;}
|
||
@list l11
|
||
{mso-list-id:1839877981;
|
||
mso-list-type:hybrid;
|
||
mso-list-template-ids:-2019762344 -1303208304 67698691 67698693 67698689 67698691 67698693 67698689 67698691 67698693;}
|
||
@list l11:level1
|
||
{mso-level-number-format:bullet;
|
||
mso-level-style-link:ListItem;
|
||
mso-level-text:\F071;
|
||
mso-level-tab-stop:46.35pt;
|
||
mso-level-number-position:left;
|
||
margin-left:46.35pt;
|
||
text-indent:-18.0pt;
|
||
mso-ansi-font-size:8.0pt;
|
||
font-family:Wingdings;}
|
||
@list l10:level1 lfo34
|
||
{mso-level-number-format:bullet;
|
||
mso-level-numbering:continue;
|
||
mso-level-text:\F0B7;
|
||
mso-level-tab-stop:none;
|
||
mso-level-number-position:left;
|
||
mso-level-legacy:yes;
|
||
mso-level-legacy-indent:14.15pt;
|
||
mso-level-legacy-space:0cm;
|
||
margin-left:86.15pt;
|
||
text-indent:-14.15pt;
|
||
font-family:Symbol;}
|
||
ol
|
||
{margin-bottom:0cm;}
|
||
ul
|
||
{margin-bottom:0cm;}
|
||
-->
|
||
</style>
|
||
<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
|
||
<o:shapedefaults v:ext="edit" spidmax="4097"/>
|
||
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
|
||
<o:shapelayout v:ext="edit">
|
||
<o:idmap v:ext="edit" data="1"/>
|
||
</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]-->
|
||
</head>
|
||
|
||
<body lang=EN-GB link=blue vlink=purple style='tab-interval:36.0pt'>
|
||
|
||
<div class=Section1>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoTitle align=left style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;
|
||
text-align:left'><span style='font-size:120.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;
|
||
font-family:"AvantGarde Md BT";letter-spacing:5.0pt;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>DASMx<o:p></o:p></span></p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoTitle align=left style='text-align:left;mso-outline-level:1'><i
|
||
style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span style='font-size:18.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
|
||
10.0pt;font-weight:normal'>Version 1.40, 18<sup>th</sup> October 2003</span><o:p></o:p></i></p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoTitle align=left style='margin-top:200.0pt;margin-right:0cm;
|
||
margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left'>A
|
||
microprocessor opcode disassembler</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoTitle align=left style='margin-top:96.0pt;margin-right:0cm;
|
||
margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left'><span
|
||
style='font-size:18.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'><EFBFBD> Copyright 1996-2003<span
|
||
style="mso-spacerun: yes"><EFBFBD> </span>Conquest Consultants<o:p></o:p></span></p>
|
||
|
||
<span style='font-size:24.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:AvantGarde;
|
||
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
|
||
mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA'><br
|
||
clear=all style='page-break-before:always'>
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
<p class=head1NoTOC><a name="_Toc506543844">Copyright</a></p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>DASMx</b> and all
|
||
associated documentation are copyright Conquest Consultants.</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=head1NoTOC><a name="_Toc506543845">Disclaimer</a></p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>DASMx</b> comes without
|
||
any express or implied warranty.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><EFBFBD> </span>You
|
||
use this software at your own risk.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><EFBFBD>
|
||
</span>Conquest Consultants have no obligation to support or upgrade this
|
||
software.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><EFBFBD> </span>Conquest Consultants cannot
|
||
be held responsible for any act of copyright infringement or other violation of
|
||
applicable law that results from use of this disassembler software.</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></p>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-size:14.0pt;
|
||
mso-bidi-font-size:24.0pt;font-family:AvantGarde;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
|
||
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:
|
||
EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA;mso-bidi-font-style:italic'><br clear=all
|
||
style='page-break-before:right;mso-break-type:section-break'>
|
||
</span></b>
|
||
|
||
<div class=Section2>
|
||
|
||
<h1><a name="_Toc320414400"></a><a name="_Toc329653727"></a><a
|
||
name="_Toc330614476"></a><a name="_Toc346335199"></a><a name="_Toc506543846"></a><a
|
||
name="_Toc54235592"><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc506543846'><span
|
||
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc346335199'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc330614476'><span
|
||
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc329653727'><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc320414400'>Introduction</span></span></span></span></span></a></h1>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>DASMx</b> is a
|
||
disassembler for a range of common microprocessors.<span style="mso-spacerun:
|
||
yes"><EFBFBD> </span>The following main processor families are supported:</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=ListItem><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
|
||
10.0pt;font-family:Wingdings'>q<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
|
||
</span></span><![endif]>Motorola 6800 family and single chip variants
|
||
(including Hitachi 630<i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>X</i> devices);</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=ListItem><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
|
||
10.0pt;font-family:Wingdings'>q<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
|
||
</span></span><![endif]>Motorola 6809;</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=ListItem><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
|
||
10.0pt;font-family:Wingdings'>q<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
|
||
</span></span><![endif]>MOS Technology 6502 and Rockwell 65C0<i
|
||
style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>X</i>;</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=ListItem><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
|
||
10.0pt;font-family:Wingdings'>q<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
|
||
</span></span><![endif]>Zilog Z80;</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=ListItem><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
|
||
10.0pt;font-family:Wingdings'>q<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
|
||
</span></span><![endif]>Sharp LR35902 (single chip Z80 variant as used in the
|
||
Nintendo GameBoy);</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=ListItem><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
|
||
10.0pt;font-family:Wingdings'>q<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
|
||
</span></span><![endif]>Intel MCS-80/85<sup>TM</sup> family (i.e. 8080 and
|
||
8085);</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=ListItem><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
|
||
10.0pt;font-family:Wingdings'>q<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
|
||
</span></span><![endif]>Intel MCS-48<sup>TM</sup> family (i.e. 8048 et al);</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=ListItem><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
|
||
10.0pt;font-family:Wingdings'>q<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
|
||
</span></span><![endif]>Intel MCS-51<sup>TM</sup> family (i.e. 8051 et al);</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=ListItem><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
|
||
10.0pt;font-family:Wingdings'>q<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
|
||
</span></span><![endif]>Microchip PIC16CXX family;</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=ListItem><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
|
||
10.0pt;font-family:Wingdings'>q<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
|
||
</span></span><![endif]>RCA CDP1802 COSMAC and variants;</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=ListItem><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
|
||
10.0pt;font-family:Wingdings'>q<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
|
||
</span></span><![endif]>Signetics 2650.</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal>The disassembler takes as input a binary code/data image
|
||
file (typically a ROM image) and generates either an assembler source file or a
|
||
listing file.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><EFBFBD> </span><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:
|
||
normal'>DASMx</b> is a <i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>multi-pass</i>
|
||
disassembler with automatic symbol generation.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><EFBFBD>
|
||
</span><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>DASMx</b> can optionally use a
|
||
symbol file containing user-defined symbols and specifications of data areas
|
||
within the source image.</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>DASMx</b> includes a
|
||
powerful feature called <i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>code threading</i>.<span
|
||
style="mso-spacerun: yes"><EFBFBD> </span>Using known code entry points (e.g. reset
|
||
and interrupt vectors) and by performing partial emulation of the processor,
|
||
the disassembler is able to follow known code paths within a source binary
|
||
image.</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal>Use of code threading, together with the multi-pass
|
||
operation and symbol table management permits readable assembly code output
|
||
from source images that contain large amounts of data (which tend to confuse
|
||
most disassemblers).</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>DASMx</b> is
|
||
copyright software.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><EFBFBD> </span>This version (1.40)
|
||
may be distributed and used freely provided that all files are included in the
|
||
distribution, no files are modified (including the distribution zip file) and
|
||
no charge is made beyond that reasonable to cover copying (maximum $10 US).</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>Historical note</i>:
|
||
Version 1.10 of <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>DASMx</b> superseded the
|
||
Motorola 680x disassembler, <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>dasm6800</b>
|
||
(last released as version 1.00 on 25<sup>th</sup> January 1997).<span
|
||
style="mso-spacerun: yes"><EFBFBD> </span>The change of name reflected the wide range
|
||
of processors then covered.</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='page-break-after:avoid'>The key features of <b
|
||
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>DASMx</b> are:</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=ListItem style='page-break-after:avoid'><![if !supportLists]><span
|
||
style='font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Wingdings'>q<span
|
||
style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span><![endif]>Disassembly
|
||
of object code images for the following microprocessors:</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=ListItem style='margin-left:86.15pt;text-indent:-14.15pt;mso-list:
|
||
l10 level1 lfo34;tab-stops:36.0pt'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:
|
||
Symbol'><EFBFBD><span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
|
||
</span></span><![endif]>Motorola 6800, 6802 and 6808;</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=ListItem style='margin-left:86.15pt;text-indent:-14.15pt;mso-list:
|
||
l10 level1 lfo34;tab-stops:36.0pt'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:
|
||
Symbol'><EFBFBD><span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
|
||
</span></span><![endif]>Motorola 6801 and 6803;</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=ListItem style='margin-left:86.15pt;text-indent:-14.15pt;mso-list:
|
||
l10 level1 lfo34;tab-stops:36.0pt'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:
|
||
Symbol'><EFBFBD><span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
|
||
</span></span><![endif]>Hitachi 6301 and 6303;</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=ListItem style='margin-left:86.15pt;text-indent:-14.15pt;mso-list:
|
||
l10 level1 lfo34;tab-stops:36.0pt'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:
|
||
Symbol'><EFBFBD><span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
|
||
</span></span><![endif]>Motorola 6805;</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=ListItem style='margin-left:86.15pt;text-indent:-14.15pt;mso-list:
|
||
l10 level1 lfo34;tab-stops:36.0pt'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:
|
||
Symbol'><EFBFBD><span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
|
||
</span></span><![endif]>Motorola 68HC05</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=ListItem style='margin-left:86.15pt;text-indent:-14.15pt;mso-list:
|
||
l10 level1 lfo34;tab-stops:36.0pt'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:
|
||
Symbol'><EFBFBD><span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
|
||
</span></span><![endif]>Hitachi 6305;</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=ListItem style='margin-left:86.15pt;text-indent:-14.15pt;mso-list:
|
||
l10 level1 lfo34;tab-stops:36.0pt'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:
|
||
Symbol'><EFBFBD><span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
|
||
</span></span><![endif]>Hitachi 63L05;</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=ListItem style='margin-left:86.15pt;text-indent:-14.15pt;mso-list:
|
||
l10 level1 lfo34;tab-stops:36.0pt'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:
|
||
Symbol'><EFBFBD><span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
|
||
</span></span><![endif]>Motorola 6809;</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=ListItem style='margin-left:86.15pt;text-indent:-14.15pt;mso-list:
|
||
l10 level1 lfo34;tab-stops:36.0pt'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:
|
||
Symbol'><EFBFBD><span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
|
||
</span></span><![endif]>MOS Technology/Rockwell 6502;</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=ListItem style='margin-left:86.15pt;text-indent:-14.15pt;mso-list:
|
||
l10 level1 lfo34;tab-stops:36.0pt'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:
|
||
Symbol'><EFBFBD><span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
|
||
</span></span><![endif]>Rockwell 65C00/21 and 65C29;</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=ListItem style='margin-left:86.15pt;text-indent:-14.15pt;mso-list:
|
||
l10 level1 lfo34;tab-stops:36.0pt'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:
|
||
Symbol'><EFBFBD><span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
|
||
</span></span><![endif]>Rockwell 65C02, 65C102 and 65C112;</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=ListItem style='margin-left:86.15pt;text-indent:-14.15pt;mso-list:
|
||
l10 level1 lfo34;tab-stops:36.0pt'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:
|
||
Symbol'><EFBFBD><span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
|
||
</span></span><![endif]>Intel 8048;</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=ListItem style='margin-left:86.15pt;text-indent:-14.15pt;mso-list:
|
||
l10 level1 lfo34;tab-stops:36.0pt'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:
|
||
Symbol'><EFBFBD><span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
|
||
</span></span><![endif]>Intel 8051;</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=ListItem style='margin-left:86.15pt;text-indent:-14.15pt;mso-list:
|
||
l10 level1 lfo34;tab-stops:36.0pt'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:
|
||
Symbol'><EFBFBD><span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
|
||
</span></span><![endif]>Intel 8080 and 8085;</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=ListItem style='margin-left:86.15pt;text-indent:-14.15pt;mso-list:
|
||
l10 level1 lfo34;tab-stops:36.0pt'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:
|
||
Symbol'><EFBFBD><span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
|
||
</span></span><![endif]>Microchip PIC16F83 and PIC16F84;</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=ListItem style='margin-left:86.15pt;text-indent:-14.15pt;mso-list:
|
||
l10 level1 lfo34;tab-stops:36.0pt'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:
|
||
Symbol'><EFBFBD><span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
|
||
</span></span><![endif]>RCA CDP1802 COSMAC;</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=ListItem style='margin-left:86.15pt;text-indent:-14.15pt;mso-list:
|
||
l10 level1 lfo34;tab-stops:36.0pt'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:
|
||
Symbol'><EFBFBD><span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
|
||
</span></span><![endif]>RCA CDP1805 and CDP1806;</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=ListItem style='margin-left:86.15pt;text-indent:-14.15pt;mso-list:
|
||
l10 level1 lfo34;tab-stops:36.0pt'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:
|
||
Symbol'><EFBFBD><span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
|
||
</span></span><![endif]>Sharp LR35902 (i.e. GameBoy processor);</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=ListItem style='margin-left:86.15pt;text-indent:-14.15pt;mso-list:
|
||
l10 level1 lfo34;tab-stops:36.0pt'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:
|
||
Symbol'><EFBFBD><span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
|
||
</span></span><![endif]>Signetics 2650;</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=ListItem style='margin-left:86.15pt;text-indent:-14.15pt;mso-list:
|
||
l10 level1 lfo34;tab-stops:36.0pt'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:
|
||
Symbol'><EFBFBD><span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
|
||
</span></span><![endif]>Zilog Z80 and National Semiconductor NSC800.</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=ListItem><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
|
||
10.0pt;font-family:Wingdings'>q<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
|
||
</span></span><![endif]>Multi-pass operation, with automatic symbol generation
|
||
for jump, call and data target addresses;</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=ListItem><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
|
||
10.0pt;font-family:Wingdings'>q<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
|
||
</span></span><![endif]>Code threading (used to automatically differentiate
|
||
code from data);</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=ListItem><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
|
||
10.0pt;font-family:Wingdings'>q<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
|
||
</span></span><![endif]>Control file containing user defined symbols,
|
||
specifications of data areas and code entry points;</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=ListItem><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
|
||
10.0pt;font-family:Wingdings'>q<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
|
||
</span></span><![endif]>Generation of full listing or assembler output file;</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=ListItem><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
|
||
10.0pt;font-family:Wingdings'>q<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
|
||
</span></span><![endif]>Runs from the Windows command line.</p>
|
||
|
||
<h1><a name="_Toc506543847"></a><a name="_Toc54235593"><span style='mso-bookmark:
|
||
_Toc506543847'>Version history</span></a></h1>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='page-break-after:avoid'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></p>
|
||
|
||
<table border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 style='margin-left:5.4pt;
|
||
border-collapse:collapse;mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td width=76 valign=top style='width:2.0cm;border-top:solid black 1.5pt;
|
||
border-left:solid black 1.5pt;border-bottom:solid black .75pt;border-right:
|
||
none;background:#333399;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;page-break-after:
|
||
avoid'><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-family:AvantGarde;
|
||
color:white;mso-bidi-font-style:italic'>Version<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td width=151 valign=top style='width:4.0cm;border-top:solid black 1.5pt;
|
||
border-left:none;border-bottom:solid black .75pt;border-right:none;
|
||
background:#333399;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;page-break-after:
|
||
avoid'><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-family:AvantGarde;
|
||
color:white;mso-bidi-font-style:italic'>Date<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td width=350 valign=top style='width:262.25pt;border-top:solid black 1.5pt;
|
||
border-left:none;border-bottom:solid black .75pt;border-right:solid black 1.5pt;
|
||
background:#333399;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal align=left style='text-align:left;page-break-after:avoid'><b
|
||
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-family:AvantGarde;
|
||
color:white;mso-bidi-font-style:italic'>Comments<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td width=76 valign=top style='width:2.0cm;border:none;border-left:solid black 1.5pt;
|
||
padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;page-break-after:
|
||
avoid'>0.90</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td width=151 valign=top style='width:4.0cm;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;page-break-after:
|
||
avoid'>28<sup>th</sup> July 1996</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td width=350 valign=top style='width:262.25pt;border:none;border-right:solid black 1.5pt;
|
||
padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal align=left style='text-align:left;page-break-after:avoid'>First
|
||
public release (as <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>dasm6800</b>): with
|
||
support for 6800/6802/6808 only.</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td width=76 valign=top style='width:2.0cm;border:none;border-left:solid black 1.5pt;
|
||
padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;page-break-after:
|
||
avoid'>1.00</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td width=151 valign=top style='width:4.0cm;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;page-break-after:
|
||
avoid'>25<sup>th</sup> January 1997</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td width=350 valign=top style='width:262.25pt;border:none;border-right:solid black 1.5pt;
|
||
padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal align=left style='text-align:left;page-break-after:avoid'>Second
|
||
release (as <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>dasm6800</b>): 6801/6803
|
||
and 6809 support added; other improvements in performance and listing output.</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td width=76 valign=top style='width:2.0cm;border:none;border-left:solid black 1.5pt;
|
||
padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;page-break-after:
|
||
avoid'>1.10</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td width=151 valign=top style='width:4.0cm;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;page-break-after:
|
||
avoid'>16<sup>th</sup> July 1997</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td width=350 valign=top style='width:262.25pt;border:none;border-right:solid black 1.5pt;
|
||
padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal align=left style='text-align:left;page-break-after:avoid'>Third
|
||
release (now renamed <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>DASMx</b>): 6502,
|
||
Z80 and 8048 processor support added; minor improvements and bug fixes.</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td width=76 valign=top style='width:2.0cm;border:none;border-left:solid black 1.5pt;
|
||
padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;page-break-after:
|
||
avoid'>1.20</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td width=151 valign=top style='width:4.0cm;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;page-break-after:
|
||
avoid'>2<sup>nd</sup> April 1998</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td width=350 valign=top style='width:262.25pt;border:none;border-right:solid black 1.5pt;
|
||
padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal align=left style='text-align:left;page-break-after:avoid'>8080,
|
||
8085 and 2650 processor support added; improvements and bug fixes.</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td width=76 valign=top style='width:2.0cm;border:none;border-left:solid black 1.5pt;
|
||
padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'>1.30</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td width=151 valign=top style='width:4.0cm;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'>6<sup>th</sup>
|
||
October 1999</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td width=350 valign=top style='width:262.25pt;border:none;border-right:solid black 1.5pt;
|
||
padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal align=left style='text-align:left'>6301, 6303, 65C00/21,
|
||
65C29, 65C02, 65C102, 65C112, 8051 and LR35902 processor support added; wide listing
|
||
format showing execution cycles; checksum and CRC-32 calculation; number
|
||
format improvements; new symbol file directives; other improvements and bug
|
||
fixes.</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td width=76 valign=top style='width:2.0cm;border-top:none;border-left:solid black 1.5pt;
|
||
border-bottom:solid black 1.5pt;border-right:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'>1.40</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td width=151 valign=top style='width:4.0cm;border:none;border-bottom:solid black 1.5pt;
|
||
padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'>18<sup>th</sup>
|
||
October 2003</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td width=350 valign=top style='width:262.25pt;border-top:none;border-left:
|
||
none;border-bottom:solid black 1.5pt;border-right:solid black 1.5pt;
|
||
padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal align=left style='text-align:left'>6805, 68HC05, 63L05,
|
||
6305, NSC800, CDP1802, CDP1805/1806, PIC16F83 and PIC16F84 processor support
|
||
added; new checksum utility; bug fixes and improvements.</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal>The changes from version 1.30 are:</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=ListItem><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
|
||
10.0pt;font-family:Wingdings'>q<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
|
||
</span></span><![endif]>Disassembly of 6805, 68HC05, 63L05 and 6305 added;</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=ListItem><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
|
||
10.0pt;font-family:Wingdings'>q<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
|
||
</span></span><![endif]>NSC800 CPU type added (identical instruction set to
|
||
Z80);</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=ListItem><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
|
||
10.0pt;font-family:Wingdings'>q<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
|
||
</span></span><![endif]>Disassembly of RCA CDP1802 COSMAC and CDP1805/1806
|
||
added;</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=ListItem><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
|
||
10.0pt;font-family:Wingdings'>q<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
|
||
</span></span><![endif]>Disassembly of Microchip PIC16F83 and PIC16F84 added;</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=ListItem><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
|
||
10.0pt;font-family:Wingdings'>q<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
|
||
</span></span><![endif]>New DWORD data type in symbol file;</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=ListItem><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
|
||
10.0pt;font-family:Wingdings'>q<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
|
||
</span></span><![endif]>Symbol file <span style='font-family:Courier'>code</span>
|
||
directive changed to allow length parameter;</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=ListItem><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
|
||
10.0pt;font-family:Wingdings'>q<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
|
||
</span></span><![endif]>Checksum command line utility added to distribution;</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=ListItem><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
|
||
10.0pt;font-family:Wingdings'>q<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
|
||
</span></span><![endif]>Origin now defaults to 0;</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=ListItem><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
|
||
10.0pt;font-family:Wingdings'>q<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
|
||
</span></span><![endif]>RCA and Acorn ARM number formats added;</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=ListItem><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
|
||
10.0pt;font-family:Wingdings'>q<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
|
||
</span></span><![endif]>Bug fixes and improvements to: 2650, 6502, 6809,
|
||
8051,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><EFBFBD> </span>& GameBoy;</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=ListItem><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
|
||
10.0pt;font-family:Wingdings'>q<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
|
||
</span></span><![endif]>Bug fix: Signetics number type now allowed in symbol
|
||
file;</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=ListItem><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
|
||
10.0pt;font-family:Wingdings'>q<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
|
||
</span></span><![endif]>Improvements to code/data differentiation algorithm
|
||
affecting disassembly for all processors.</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal>The changes between versions 1.20 and 1.30 were:</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=ListItem><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
|
||
10.0pt;font-family:Wingdings'>q<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
|
||
</span></span><![endif]>Disassembly of Hitachi 6301 and 6303 added;</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=ListItem><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
|
||
10.0pt;font-family:Wingdings'>q<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
|
||
</span></span><![endif]>Disassembly of Rockwell 65C00/21, 65C29, 65C02, 65C102
|
||
and 65C112 added;</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=ListItem><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
|
||
10.0pt;font-family:Wingdings'>q<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
|
||
</span></span><![endif]>Disassembly of Intel 8051 added;</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=ListItem><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
|
||
10.0pt;font-family:Wingdings'>q<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
|
||
</span></span><![endif]>Disassembly of Sharp LR35902 (GameBoy processor) added;</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=ListItem><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
|
||
10.0pt;font-family:Wingdings'>q<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
|
||
</span></span><![endif]>Corrected documentation concerning Hitachi 6309 (which
|
||
has, in fact, an identical instruction set to the 6809);</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=ListItem><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
|
||
10.0pt;font-family:Wingdings'>q<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
|
||
</span></span><![endif]>Labelling and threading improvements for 8080, 8085 and
|
||
Z80 disassembly (affects RST and indirect addressing instructions);</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=ListItem><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
|
||
10.0pt;font-family:Wingdings'>q<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
|
||
</span></span><![endif]>Correction to instruction format for 2650
|
||
lodz/eorz/andz/<2F>;</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=ListItem><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
|
||
10.0pt;font-family:Wingdings'>q<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
|
||
</span></span><![endif]>New wide listing format showing execution cycles for
|
||
each instruction;</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=ListItem><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
|
||
10.0pt;font-family:Wingdings'>q<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
|
||
</span></span><![endif]>File size, checksum and CCITT CRC-32 calculated and
|
||
shown in listing header;</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=ListItem><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
|
||
10.0pt;font-family:Wingdings'>q<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
|
||
</span></span><![endif]>Auto number format determined by processor type (which
|
||
can be overriden by a directive in the symbol file);</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=ListItem><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
|
||
10.0pt;font-family:Wingdings'>q<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
|
||
</span></span><![endif]>User messages can now be specified and generated from
|
||
the symbol file;</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=ListItem><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
|
||
10.0pt;font-family:Wingdings'>q<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
|
||
</span></span><![endif]>Symbol file includes (which may be nested) now
|
||
permitted.</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal>The changes between versions 1.10 and 1.20 were:</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=ListItem><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
|
||
10.0pt;font-family:Wingdings'>q<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
|
||
</span></span><![endif]>Disassembly of Intel 8080 and 8085 added (in addition
|
||
to existing support for 8080 provided by Z80 disassembly);</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=ListItem><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
|
||
10.0pt;font-family:Wingdings'>q<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
|
||
</span></span><![endif]>Disassembly of Signetics 2650 added;</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=ListItem><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
|
||
10.0pt;font-family:Wingdings'>q<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
|
||
</span></span><![endif]>New symbol file command to skip areas of source image;</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=ListItem><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
|
||
10.0pt;font-family:Wingdings'>q<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
|
||
</span></span><![endif]>Origin can now be specified in symbol file;</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=ListItem><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
|
||
10.0pt;font-family:Wingdings'>q<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
|
||
</span></span><![endif]>New command line option to specify a single code entry
|
||
point for threading;</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=ListItem><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
|
||
10.0pt;font-family:Wingdings'>q<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
|
||
</span></span><![endif]>New command line option to list all processors
|
||
supported;</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=ListItem><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
|
||
10.0pt;font-family:Wingdings'>q<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
|
||
</span></span><![endif]>Fix to incorrect disassembly of 6801/6803 subd
|
||
instruction (opcode 0x93);</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=ListItem><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
|
||
10.0pt;font-family:Wingdings'>q<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
|
||
</span></span><![endif]>Bug fixes and other minor changes.</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal>The changes between versions 1.00 and 1.10 were:</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=ListItem><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
|
||
10.0pt;font-family:Wingdings'>q<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
|
||
</span></span><![endif]>All references to <20>dasm6800<30> replaced by <20>DASMx<4D>;</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=ListItem><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
|
||
10.0pt;font-family:Wingdings'>q<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
|
||
</span></span><![endif]>Disassembly of 6502 added;</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=ListItem><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
|
||
10.0pt;font-family:Wingdings'>q<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
|
||
</span></span><![endif]>Disassembly of Z80 added;</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=ListItem><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
|
||
10.0pt;font-family:Wingdings'>q<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
|
||
</span></span><![endif]>Disassembly of 8048 added;</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=ListItem><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
|
||
10.0pt;font-family:Wingdings'>q<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
|
||
</span></span><![endif]>Minor bug fix for code threading of 6801/6803 direct
|
||
branch instructions;</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=ListItem><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
|
||
10.0pt;font-family:Wingdings'>q<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
|
||
</span></span><![endif]>Minor changes to listing output;</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=ListItem><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
|
||
10.0pt;font-family:Wingdings'>q<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
|
||
</span></span><![endif]>Bug fixes and other minor improvements.</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal>The changes between versions 0.90 and 1.00 were:</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=ListItem><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
|
||
10.0pt;font-family:Wingdings'>q<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
|
||
</span></span><![endif]>Disassembly of 6801/6803 added;</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=ListItem><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
|
||
10.0pt;font-family:Wingdings'>q<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
|
||
</span></span><![endif]>Disassembly of 6809 added;</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=ListItem><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
|
||
10.0pt;font-family:Wingdings'>q<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
|
||
</span></span><![endif]>Define byte pseudo-op now generates full listing;</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=ListItem><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
|
||
10.0pt;font-family:Wingdings'>q<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
|
||
</span></span><![endif]>Two new commands supported in symbol file: <span
|
||
style='font-family:Courier'>cpu</span> (to select processor type) and <span
|
||
style='font-family:Courier'>addrtab</span> (to define a table of addresses,
|
||
each of which points to data);</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=ListItem><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
|
||
10.0pt;font-family:Wingdings'>q<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
|
||
</span></span><![endif]>New command line switch to select processor type;</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=ListItem><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
|
||
10.0pt;font-family:Wingdings'>q<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
|
||
</span></span><![endif]>Performance improvement to pass 1;</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=ListItem><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
|
||
10.0pt;font-family:Wingdings'>q<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
|
||
</span></span><![endif]>Minor changes to listing output;</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=ListItem><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
|
||
10.0pt;font-family:Wingdings'>q<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
|
||
</span></span><![endif]>Bug fixes and other minor improvements.</p>
|
||
|
||
<h1><a name="_Toc506543848"></a><a name="_Toc54235594"><span style='mso-bookmark:
|
||
_Toc506543848'>Distribution</span></a></h1>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>DASMx</b> is
|
||
copyright software.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><EFBFBD> </span>This version (1.40)
|
||
may be distributed and used freely provided that all files are included in the
|
||
distribution, no files (including the distribution zip file) are modified and
|
||
no charge is made beyond that reasonable to cover copying (maximum $10
|
||
US).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><EFBFBD> </span>Conquest Consultants reserve the
|
||
right to alter the free distribution and use terms for any future versions or
|
||
derivatives of <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>DASMx</b> that may be
|
||
produced.</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>DASMx</b> version
|
||
1.40 is distributed as file <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>dasmx140.zip</b>
|
||
in the <i>WinME / Win98 / Win95 / Programming Utilities</i> section of the <a
|
||
href="http://www.simtel.net/">Simtel.net</a> archive.<span style="mso-spacerun:
|
||
yes"><EFBFBD> </span>Provided that the above distribution terms are adhered to, this
|
||
file may be freely copied to and mirrored at other ftp and web sites.</p>
|
||
|
||
<h1><a name="_Toc506543849"></a><a name="_Toc54235595"><span style='mso-bookmark:
|
||
_Toc506543849'>Operation</span></a></h1>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal>Before describing the operation of <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:
|
||
normal'>DASMx</b> in detail, here is an overview of how the disassembler will
|
||
be typically used in practice.</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal>First, you must obtain a file containing a binary image of
|
||
the code/data that you wish to disassemble.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><EFBFBD>
|
||
</span>Typically, this will be from one or more ROMs or EPROMs that have been
|
||
read using a PROM programmer.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><EFBFBD> </span>Some PROM
|
||
programmers output data in a form of ASCII hexadecimal format (Intel and
|
||
Motorola are two common formats).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><EFBFBD> </span>If
|
||
that is the case, then you must use a conversion utility to generate a raw
|
||
binary image.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><EFBFBD> </span>A good check that you
|
||
have a correct binary image of a complete ROM is that the file length (shown by
|
||
a DIR command) will be a power of two and will correspond to the length of the
|
||
ROM.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><EFBFBD> </span>For example, the file size of a
|
||
complete image of a 27256 EPROM will be 32,768 bytes.</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal>Assuming at this stage that you do not know which areas of
|
||
the binary image are code and which are data, it is sensible to use the code
|
||
threading feature.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><EFBFBD> </span>For code threading
|
||
to work, you must provide at least one code entry point.<span
|
||
style="mso-spacerun: yes"><EFBFBD> </span>This requires <span style='font-family:Courier'>code</span>,
|
||
<span style='font-family:Courier'>vector</span> or <span style='font-family:
|
||
Courier'>vectab</span> entries in a symbol file.<span style="mso-spacerun:
|
||
yes"><EFBFBD> </span>For example, if you are disassembling a ROM image from the
|
||
uppermost region of the 6800 microprocessor address space, then four <span
|
||
style='font-family:Courier'>vector</span> entries for the standard interrupt
|
||
and reset vectors will be all that is initially required to provide the
|
||
necessary entry points.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><EFBFBD> </span>You can also
|
||
improve the readability of the disassembled output by defining symbols for all
|
||
known hardware addresses (e.g. PIA registers and other ports).</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal>Try modifying one of the supplied example symbol files to
|
||
suit your application.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><EFBFBD> </span>It is important
|
||
that the correct processor type is specified using a <span style='font-family:
|
||
Courier'>cpu</span> directive in the symbol file (or by command line
|
||
switch).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><EFBFBD> </span>The disassembler will not make
|
||
much sense of Z80 code if it thinks that the processor is a 6502!</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal>Run the disassembler with code threading.<span
|
||
style="mso-spacerun: yes"><EFBFBD> </span>This will identify all known areas of
|
||
code.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><EFBFBD> </span>Data and unknown areas will be
|
||
listed as byte data rather than disassembled into instruction mnemonics.<span
|
||
style="mso-spacerun: yes"><EFBFBD> </span>Due to limitations of the code threading
|
||
process (see below) not all code areas may be identified.<span
|
||
style="mso-spacerun: yes"><EFBFBD> </span>Any additional code entry points or address
|
||
vector tables can be added to the symbol file.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><EFBFBD>
|
||
</span>Similarly, areas of byte, word or string data that can be identified
|
||
from examination of the disassembly listing can also be recorded in the symbol
|
||
file.</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal>Using a repeated <20>disassemble, inspect listing, update
|
||
symbol file<6C> cycle a comprehensive disassembly of an image can be built up
|
||
quite quickly.</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal>Finally, if you are satisfied that you have identified all
|
||
main data areas, try disassembling without code threading.<span
|
||
style="mso-spacerun: yes"><EFBFBD> </span>This will help pick up areas of code that
|
||
may have been missed by the code threading and subsequent manual investigation
|
||
process.</p>
|
||
|
||
<h2><a name="_Toc506543850"></a><a name="_Toc54235596"><span style='mso-bookmark:
|
||
_Toc506543850'>Platform</span></a></h2>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>DASMx</b> is a Win32
|
||
console application.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><EFBFBD> </span>This means that it
|
||
is a 32-bit application that requires Windows 95/98/Me or Windows NT/2000/XP to
|
||
run.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><EFBFBD> </span>Typically, you will run the
|
||
disassembler from a command line window.</p>
|
||
|
||
<h2><a name="_Toc506543851"></a><a name="_Toc54235597"><span style='mso-bookmark:
|
||
_Toc506543851'>Command line options</span></a></h2>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='page-break-after:avoid'><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:
|
||
normal'>DASMx</b> has the following command line options:</p>
|
||
|
||
<table border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 style='border-collapse:collapse;
|
||
mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td width=111 valign=top style='width:83.4pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='page-break-after:avoid'><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:
|
||
normal'>-a<o:p></o:p></b></p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td width=491 valign=top style='width:13.0cm;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='page-break-after:avoid'>Generate assembler output
|
||
(default is to generate a full listing file).</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td width=111 valign=top style='width:83.4pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='page-break-after:avoid'><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:
|
||
normal'>-c</b><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>TYPE</i><b
|
||
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><o:p></o:p></b></p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td width=491 valign=top style='width:13.0cm;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='page-break-after:avoid'>Set the CPU processor type
|
||
<20> overrides any <span style='font-family:Courier'>cpu</span> statement in the
|
||
symbol file, where <i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>TYPE</i> is one of the
|
||
types reported by the <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>-l</b> option
|
||
(6800, 6809, 6502, Z80 etc.) (default is 6800).</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td width=111 valign=top style='width:83.4pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='page-break-after:avoid'><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:
|
||
normal'>-e</b><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>NNNN</i><b
|
||
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><o:p></o:p></b></p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td width=491 valign=top style='width:13.0cm;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='page-break-after:avoid'>Specify a code entry point <i
|
||
style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>NNNN</i> for threading.</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td width=111 valign=top style='width:83.4pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='page-break-after:avoid'><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:
|
||
normal'>-l<o:p></o:p></b></p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td width=491 valign=top style='width:13.0cm;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='page-break-after:avoid'>List all processors
|
||
supported and exit.</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td width=111 valign=top style='width:83.4pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='page-break-after:avoid'><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:
|
||
normal'>-o</b><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>NNNN</i><b
|
||
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><o:p></o:p></b></p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td width=491 valign=top style='width:13.0cm;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='page-break-after:avoid'>Set the origin, or start
|
||
address to <i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>NNNN</i> (default is top of
|
||
address space less the length of the source image).</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td width=111 valign=top style='width:83.4pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='page-break-after:avoid'><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:
|
||
normal'>-t<o:p></o:p></b></p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td width=491 valign=top style='width:13.0cm;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='page-break-after:avoid'>Perform code threading
|
||
(requires at least one code entry point to be specified).</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td width=111 valign=top style='width:83.4pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>-v<o:p></o:p></b></p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td width=491 valign=top style='width:13.0cm;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal>Display version information and exit.</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td width=111 valign=top style='width:83.4pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>-w<o:p></o:p></b></p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td width=491 valign=top style='width:13.0cm;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal>Wide listing format (shows instruction cycles and up to 8
|
||
data bytes per line).</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal>When specifying addresses, the number <i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
|
||
normal'>NNNN</i> should be specified using C language conventions (i.e. default
|
||
is decimal, prefix with 0x for hex, prefix with 0 for octal).</p>
|
||
|
||
<h2><a name="_Toc506543852"></a><a name="_Toc54235598"><span style='mso-bookmark:
|
||
_Toc506543852'>Input files</span></a></h2>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal>The primary input file is a binary image of the code/data to
|
||
be disassembled.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><EFBFBD> </span>This must be code for
|
||
one of the supported microprocessors (or other manufacturer equivalent).<span
|
||
style="mso-spacerun: yes"><EFBFBD> </span><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>DASMx</b>
|
||
will produce meaningless output for any other type of processor.</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>DASMx</b> assumes a
|
||
file extension of <20>.bin<69> unless otherwise specified for the binary image file.</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>DASMx</b> looks for a
|
||
symbol file of the same base name as the source binary file, but with a <20>.sym<79>
|
||
file extension.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><EFBFBD> </span>If a symbol file is
|
||
found, it will be used.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><EFBFBD> </span>Provision of a
|
||
symbol file is optional, except where code threading is used (where a symbol
|
||
file must be used to define at least one code entry point).</p>
|
||
|
||
<h3><a name="_Toc506543853"></a><a name="_Toc54235599"><span style='mso-bookmark:
|
||
_Toc506543853'>Symbol file syntax</span></a></h3>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='page-break-after:avoid'>The symbol file is a plain
|
||
text file that may be created/modified with any text editor.<span
|
||
style="mso-spacerun: yes"><EFBFBD> </span>The file contains lines that fall into one
|
||
of three categories:</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=ListItem style='page-break-after:avoid'><![if !supportLists]><span
|
||
style='font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Wingdings'>q<span
|
||
style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span><![endif]>Comment
|
||
lines;</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=ListItem style='page-break-after:avoid'><![if !supportLists]><span
|
||
style='font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Wingdings'>q<span
|
||
style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span><![endif]>Command
|
||
lines;</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=ListItem><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
|
||
10.0pt;font-family:Wingdings'>q<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
|
||
</span></span><![endif]>Blank lines.</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal>Comment lines are denoted by <20><span style='font-family:Courier'>;</span><EFBFBD>
|
||
as the first non-whitespace character on the line.<span style="mso-spacerun:
|
||
yes"><EFBFBD> </span>Command lines start with one of the specified keywords.<span
|
||
style="mso-spacerun: yes"><EFBFBD> </span>Parameters follow the command keyword,
|
||
separated by spaces or tabs.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><EFBFBD> </span>A comment
|
||
may be added to the end of a command, preceded by the <20><span style='font-family:
|
||
Courier'>;</span><EFBFBD> character.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><EFBFBD> </span>Blank
|
||
lines are ignored.</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal>Number value parameters may be given in decimal (the
|
||
default), octal or hex using standard C language conventions (e.g. 0x prefix
|
||
for hex).</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal>The symbol file command syntax contains an <span
|
||
style='font-family:Courier'>include</span> directive which allows one symbol
|
||
file to be included within another.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><EFBFBD>
|
||
</span>Included files may be nested to any practical depth.<span
|
||
style="mso-spacerun: yes"><EFBFBD> </span>A particular use of this feature is to have
|
||
a symbol file containing a generic set of defintions for a processor or item of
|
||
hardware.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><EFBFBD> </span>This can then be included
|
||
within a symbol file with additional definitions for a specific software image that
|
||
runs on that processor/hardware.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><EFBFBD> </span>The
|
||
pair of example files, <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>gameboy.sym</b>
|
||
and <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>tetris.sym</b>, shows this in action
|
||
with generic GameBoy definitions in one file and specific defintions for a
|
||
tetris game cartidge in the other.</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal>Valid command keywords and their meaning are summarised in
|
||
the table below.</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></p>
|
||
|
||
<table border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 style='border-collapse:collapse;
|
||
mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td width=102 valign=top style='width:76.3pt;border-top:solid black 1.5pt;
|
||
border-left:solid black 1.5pt;border-bottom:solid black .75pt;border-right:
|
||
none;background:#333399;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:1.5pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:
|
||
1.5pt;margin-left:0cm;page-break-after:avoid'><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:
|
||
normal'><span style='font-family:AvantGarde;color:white;mso-bidi-font-style:
|
||
italic'>Command<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td width=501 valign=top style='width:375.65pt;border-top:solid black 1.5pt;
|
||
border-left:none;border-bottom:solid black .75pt;border-right:solid black 1.5pt;
|
||
background:#333399;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal align=left style='margin-top:1.5pt;margin-right:0cm;
|
||
margin-bottom:1.5pt;margin-left:0cm;text-align:left;page-break-after:avoid'><b
|
||
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-family:AvantGarde;
|
||
color:white;mso-bidi-font-style:italic'>Function/syntax<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td width=102 valign=top style='width:76.3pt;border:none;border-left:solid black 1.5pt;
|
||
padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoToaHeading style='margin-top:1.5pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:
|
||
1.5pt;margin-left:0cm;page-break-after:avoid'><span style='font-family:Palatino'>cpu<o:p></o:p></span></p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td width=501 valign=top style='width:375.65pt;border:none;border-right:solid black 1.5pt;
|
||
padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal align=left style='margin-top:1.5pt;margin-right:0cm;
|
||
margin-bottom:1.5pt;margin-left:0cm;text-align:left;page-break-after:avoid'><span
|
||
style='font-size:10.0pt'>Specify the processor type.<br>
|
||
<i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>Syntax</i>: </span><span
|
||
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Courier'>cpu PIC16F83 | PIC16F84 | 1802 |
|
||
1805 | 2650 | 6502 | 65C00 | 65C02 | 65C59 | 65C102 | 65C112 | 6301 | 6303 | 6305
|
||
| 63L05 | 6800 | 6801 | 6802 | 6803 | 6805 | 68HC05 | 6808 | 6809 | 8048 |
|
||
8051 | 8080 | 8085 | Z80 | LR35902</span><span style='font-size:10.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td width=102 valign=top style='width:76.3pt;border:none;border-left:solid black 1.5pt;
|
||
padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:1.5pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:
|
||
1.5pt;margin-left:0cm;page-break-after:avoid'><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:
|
||
normal'>numformat<o:p></o:p></b></p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td width=501 valign=top style='width:375.65pt;border:none;border-right:solid black 1.5pt;
|
||
padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal align=left style='margin-top:1.5pt;margin-right:0cm;
|
||
margin-bottom:1.5pt;margin-left:0cm;text-align:left;page-break-after:avoid'><span
|
||
style='font-size:10.0pt'>Specify number format (overriding default for
|
||
processor) as ARM, Intel, Motorola, RCA, Signetics, C language hex (i.e. 0x prefix)
|
||
or decimal.<br>
|
||
<i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>Syntax</i>: </span><span
|
||
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Courier'>numformat A | I | M | R | S | C
|
||
| D</span><span style='font-size:10.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td width=102 valign=top style='width:76.3pt;border:none;border-left:solid black 1.5pt;
|
||
padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:1.5pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:
|
||
1.5pt;margin-left:0cm;page-break-after:avoid'><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:
|
||
normal'>include<o:p></o:p></b></p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td width=501 valign=top style='width:375.65pt;border:none;border-right:solid black 1.5pt;
|
||
padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal align=left style='margin-top:1.5pt;margin-right:0cm;
|
||
margin-bottom:1.5pt;margin-left:0cm;text-align:left;page-break-after:avoid'><span
|
||
style='font-size:10.0pt'>Include a file containing additional symbol
|
||
commands.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><EFBFBD> </span>Include filess may be
|
||
nested.<br>
|
||
<i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>Syntax</i>: </span><span
|
||
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Courier'>include <i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
|
||
normal'><filename></i></span><span style='font-size:10.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td width=102 valign=top style='width:76.3pt;border:none;border-left:solid black 1.5pt;
|
||
padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:1.5pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:
|
||
1.5pt;margin-left:0cm;page-break-after:avoid'><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:
|
||
normal'>message<o:p></o:p></b></p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td width=501 valign=top style='width:375.65pt;border:none;border-right:solid black 1.5pt;
|
||
padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal align=left style='margin-top:1.5pt;margin-right:0cm;
|
||
margin-bottom:1.5pt;margin-left:0cm;text-align:left;page-break-after:avoid'><span
|
||
style='font-size:10.0pt'>Generate a message to the console during
|
||
disassembly.<br>
|
||
<i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>Syntax</i>: </span><span
|
||
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Courier'>message "<i
|
||
style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><message string></i>"</span><span
|
||
style='font-size:10.0pt'><br>
|
||
<i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>or</i>: </span><span style='font-size:
|
||
10.0pt;font-family:Courier'>message <i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><word1></i>
|
||
[<i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><word2> <word3></i> ...]</span><span
|
||
style='font-size:10.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td width=102 valign=top style='width:76.3pt;border:none;border-left:solid black 1.5pt;
|
||
padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:1.5pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:
|
||
1.5pt;margin-left:0cm;page-break-after:avoid'><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:
|
||
normal'>org<o:p></o:p></b></p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td width=501 valign=top style='width:375.65pt;border:none;border-right:solid black 1.5pt;
|
||
padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal align=left style='margin-top:1.5pt;margin-right:0cm;
|
||
margin-bottom:1.5pt;margin-left:0cm;text-align:left;page-break-after:avoid'><span
|
||
style='font-size:10.0pt'>Define the start address for the first byte of the
|
||
code/data image.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><EFBFBD> </span>Note that only one
|
||
org statement should be present in a symbol file.<br>
|
||
<i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>Syntax</i>: </span><span
|
||
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Courier'>org <i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
|
||
normal'><address></i></span><span style='font-size:10.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td width=102 valign=top style='width:76.3pt;border:none;border-left:solid black 1.5pt;
|
||
padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:1.5pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:
|
||
1.5pt;margin-left:0cm;page-break-after:avoid'><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:
|
||
normal'>symbol<o:p></o:p></b></p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td width=501 valign=top style='width:375.65pt;border:none;border-right:solid black 1.5pt;
|
||
padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal align=left style='margin-top:1.5pt;margin-right:0cm;
|
||
margin-bottom:1.5pt;margin-left:0cm;text-align:left;page-break-after:avoid'><span
|
||
style='font-size:10.0pt'>Define a symbol corresponding to a value (usually an
|
||
address).<br>
|
||
<i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>Syntax</i>: </span><span
|
||
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Courier'>symbol <i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
|
||
normal'><value></i> <i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><name></i></span><span
|
||
style='font-size:10.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td width=102 valign=top style='width:76.3pt;border:none;border-left:solid black 1.5pt;
|
||
padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:1.5pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:
|
||
1.5pt;margin-left:0cm;page-break-after:avoid'><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:
|
||
normal'>vector<o:p></o:p></b></p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td width=501 valign=top style='width:375.65pt;border:none;border-right:solid black 1.5pt;
|
||
padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal align=left style='margin-top:1.5pt;margin-right:0cm;
|
||
margin-bottom:1.5pt;margin-left:0cm;text-align:left;page-break-after:avoid'><span
|
||
style='font-size:10.0pt'>Define a location that contains a word pointing to a
|
||
code entry (for example, the reset entry point).<br>
|
||
<i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>Syntax</i>: </span><span
|
||
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Courier'>vector <i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
|
||
normal'><address></i> [<i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><vector
|
||
name></i><span style='mso-bidi-font-style:italic'>]</span> [<i
|
||
style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><destination name></i>]</span><span
|
||
style='font-size:10.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td width=102 valign=top style='width:76.3pt;border:none;border-left:solid black 1.5pt;
|
||
padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:1.5pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:
|
||
1.5pt;margin-left:0cm;page-break-after:avoid'><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:
|
||
normal'>vectab<o:p></o:p></b></p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td width=501 valign=top style='width:375.65pt;border:none;border-right:solid black 1.5pt;
|
||
padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal align=left style='margin-top:1.5pt;margin-right:0cm;
|
||
margin-bottom:1.5pt;margin-left:0cm;text-align:left;page-break-after:avoid'><span
|
||
style='font-size:10.0pt'>Define a table of vectors (i.e. a jump table) of
|
||
length <i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><count></i>.<span
|
||
style="mso-spacerun: yes"><EFBFBD> </span>Each vector will be used as a code entry
|
||
point if threading is used.<br>
|
||
<i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>Syntax</i>: </span><span
|
||
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Courier'>vectab <i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
|
||
normal'><address></i> <i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><name></i>
|
||
[<i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><count></i>]</span><span
|
||
style='font-size:10.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td width=102 valign=top style='width:76.3pt;border:none;border-left:solid black 1.5pt;
|
||
padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:1.5pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:
|
||
1.5pt;margin-left:0cm;page-break-after:avoid'><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:
|
||
normal'>code<o:p></o:p></b></p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td width=501 valign=top style='width:375.65pt;border:none;border-right:solid black 1.5pt;
|
||
padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal align=left style='margin-top:1.5pt;margin-right:0cm;
|
||
margin-bottom:1.5pt;margin-left:0cm;text-align:left;page-break-after:avoid'><span
|
||
style='font-size:10.0pt'>Define a code entry point (for code threading).<span
|
||
style="mso-spacerun: yes"><EFBFBD> </span>Optionally, <i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
|
||
normal'><count></i> may specify the length of the code region in
|
||
instruction words.<br>
|
||
<i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>Syntax</i>: </span><span
|
||
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Courier'>code <i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
|
||
normal'><address></i> [<i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><name></i>]
|
||
[<i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><count></i>]</span><span
|
||
style='font-size:10.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td width=102 valign=top style='width:76.3pt;border:none;border-left:solid black 1.5pt;
|
||
padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:1.5pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:
|
||
1.5pt;margin-left:0cm;page-break-after:avoid'><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:
|
||
normal'>byte<o:p></o:p></b></p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td width=501 valign=top style='width:375.65pt;border:none;border-right:solid black 1.5pt;
|
||
padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal align=left style='margin-top:1.5pt;margin-right:0cm;
|
||
margin-bottom:1.5pt;margin-left:0cm;text-align:left;page-break-after:avoid'><span
|
||
style='font-size:10.0pt'>Define a single data byte, or <i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
|
||
normal'><count></i> length array of bytes.<br>
|
||
<i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>Syntax</i>: </span><span
|
||
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Courier'>byte <i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
|
||
normal'><address></i> <i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><name></i>
|
||
[<i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><count></i>]</span><span
|
||
style='font-size:10.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td width=102 valign=top style='width:76.3pt;border:none;border-left:solid black 1.5pt;
|
||
padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:1.5pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:
|
||
1.5pt;margin-left:0cm;page-break-after:avoid'><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:
|
||
normal'>word<o:p></o:p></b></p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td width=501 valign=top style='width:375.65pt;border:none;border-right:solid black 1.5pt;
|
||
padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal align=left style='margin-top:1.5pt;margin-right:0cm;
|
||
margin-bottom:1.5pt;margin-left:0cm;text-align:left;page-break-after:avoid'><span
|
||
style='font-size:10.0pt'>Define a single data word, or <i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
|
||
normal'><count></i> length array of words.<br>
|
||
<i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>Syntax</i>: </span><span
|
||
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Courier'>word <i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
|
||
normal'><address></i> <i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><name></i>
|
||
[<i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><count></i>]</span><span
|
||
style='font-size:10.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td width=102 valign=top style='width:76.3pt;border:none;border-left:solid black 1.5pt;
|
||
padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:1.5pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:
|
||
1.5pt;margin-left:0cm;page-break-after:avoid'><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:
|
||
normal'>addrtab<o:p></o:p></b></p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td width=501 valign=top style='width:375.65pt;border:none;border-right:solid black 1.5pt;
|
||
padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal align=left style='margin-top:1.5pt;margin-right:0cm;
|
||
margin-bottom:1.5pt;margin-left:0cm;text-align:left;page-break-after:avoid'><span
|
||
style='font-size:10.0pt'>Define a table of addresses, which point to data, of
|
||
length <i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><count></i>.<br>
|
||
<i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>Syntax</i>: </span><span
|
||
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Courier'>addrtab <i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
|
||
normal'><address></i> <i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><name></i>
|
||
[<i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><count></i>]</span><span
|
||
style='font-size:10.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td width=102 valign=top style='width:76.3pt;border:none;border-left:solid black 1.5pt;
|
||
padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:1.5pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:
|
||
1.5pt;margin-left:0cm'><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>string<o:p></o:p></b></p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td width=501 valign=top style='width:375.65pt;border:none;border-right:solid black 1.5pt;
|
||
padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal align=left style='margin-top:1.5pt;margin-right:0cm;
|
||
margin-bottom:1.5pt;margin-left:0cm;text-align:left'><span style='font-size:
|
||
10.0pt'>Define a single data character, or <i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
|
||
normal'><count></i> length string of chars.<br>
|
||
<i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>Syntax</i>: </span><span
|
||
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Courier'>string <i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
|
||
normal'><address></i> <i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><name></i>
|
||
[<i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><count></i>]</span><span
|
||
style='font-size:10.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td width=102 valign=top style='width:76.3pt;border-top:none;border-left:
|
||
solid black 1.5pt;border-bottom:solid black 1.5pt;border-right:none;
|
||
padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:1.5pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:
|
||
1.5pt;margin-left:0cm'><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>skip<o:p></o:p></b></p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td width=501 valign=top style='width:375.65pt;border-top:none;border-left:
|
||
none;border-bottom:solid black 1.5pt;border-right:solid black 1.5pt;
|
||
padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal align=left style='margin-top:1.5pt;margin-right:0cm;
|
||
margin-bottom:1.5pt;margin-left:0cm;text-align:left'><span style='font-size:
|
||
10.0pt'>Skip (i.e. omit from disassembly and listing) <i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
|
||
normal'><count></i> length data bytes.<br>
|
||
<i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>Syntax</i>: </span><span
|
||
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Courier'>skip <i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
|
||
normal'><address></i> <i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><count></i></span><span
|
||
style='font-size:10.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
|
||
<h2><a name="_Toc506543854"></a><a name="_Toc54235600"><span style='mso-bookmark:
|
||
_Toc506543854'>Output files</span></a></h2>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal>By default, <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>DASMx</b>
|
||
generates a disassembly listing file.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><EFBFBD>
|
||
</span>This is similar to the full listing file generated by most
|
||
assemblers.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><EFBFBD> </span>Optionally, <b
|
||
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>DASMx</b> can be made to produce an
|
||
assembly file instead.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><EFBFBD> </span>This could then be
|
||
used as a source file to an assembler of your choice (with certain provisos
|
||
concerning pseudo-ops and number formats noted later).</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal>As an aid to readability, <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:
|
||
normal'>DASMx</b> inserts a comment line after all breaks in a sequence of
|
||
instructions (e.g. after an unconditional branch or jump, or a return from
|
||
subroutine).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><EFBFBD> </span>Comment lines are also
|
||
inserted between code and data areas.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><EFBFBD>
|
||
</span>This use of comment lines breaks the output listing into identifiable
|
||
sections and aids manual inspection of the resultant disassembly listing.</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal>Note that output files tend to be large.<span
|
||
style="mso-spacerun: yes"><EFBFBD> </span>For example, a 32 Kbyte ROM image will
|
||
generate a listing file of around half a megabyte in length.</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal>The output file is named based upon the name of the source
|
||
image file, but with a file extension of <20>.lst<73> for the list file or <20>.asm<73> for
|
||
the assembly output file.</p>
|
||
|
||
<h3><a name="_Toc506543855"></a><a name="_Toc54235601"><span style='mso-bookmark:
|
||
_Toc506543855'>Listing file</span></a></h3>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal>The list file format is largely self-explanatory.<span
|
||
style="mso-spacerun: yes"><EFBFBD> </span>Program counter and code/data byte values
|
||
are given in hex.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><EFBFBD> </span>Code/data is also
|
||
shown as ASCII characters (where printable) as an aid to identifying strings
|
||
within the binary image.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><EFBFBD> </span>If the wide
|
||
listing format is selected then instruction cycle counts are also given for
|
||
every instruction.</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal>Instruction cycles are shown within [square braces].<span
|
||
style="mso-spacerun: yes"><EFBFBD> </span>If an instruction takes a variable number of
|
||
cycles to execute (e.g. a conditional branch on many processors) then two
|
||
values are shown: the minimum and the maximum.</p>
|
||
|
||
<h2><a name="_Toc506543856"></a><a name="_Toc54235602"><span style='mso-bookmark:
|
||
_Toc506543856'>Code threading</span></a></h2>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal>Code threading is a very powerful feature that will
|
||
automatically identify known areas of code.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><EFBFBD>
|
||
</span>It can prove particularly useful in the early stages of disassembly of
|
||
an image that contains large areas of data.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><EFBFBD>
|
||
</span>Such data areas would otherwise be disassembled incorrectly as code and
|
||
would add many erroneous symbols to the symbol table.</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal>Code threading works by performing a partial emulation of
|
||
the processor; executing instructions starting from one or more known entry
|
||
points.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><EFBFBD> </span>Code threading follows calls to
|
||
subroutines and conditional and unconditional branches.<span
|
||
style="mso-spacerun: yes"><EFBFBD> </span>In certain cases, the code threading may
|
||
fail to follow certain code paths (i.e. leaving valid code still defined as
|
||
data).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><EFBFBD> </span>The following are examples of
|
||
where the code threader will fail to follow a correct execution path:</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=ListItem><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
|
||
10.0pt;font-family:Wingdings'>q<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
|
||
</span></span><![endif]>Pushing an address onto the stack and then, later,
|
||
performing a return from subroutine instruction (i.e. as a method of performing
|
||
a jump);</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=ListItem><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
|
||
10.0pt;font-family:Wingdings'>q<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
|
||
</span></span><![endif]>Performing an indexed branch instruction (e.g. using
|
||
addresses taken from a vector table);</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=ListItem><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
|
||
10.0pt;font-family:Wingdings'>q<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
|
||
</span></span><![endif]>Use of undocumented instruction opcodes <20> since threads
|
||
are abandoned when an invalid opcode is detected;</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=ListItem><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
|
||
10.0pt;font-family:Wingdings'>q<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
|
||
</span></span><![endif]>Self-modifying code.</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal>Indexed branch instructions are highlighted in the output
|
||
listing by automatically generated comments.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><EFBFBD>
|
||
</span>These are an indication that you need to manually identify what the
|
||
contents of the index register will be prior to the branch (often obvious <20>
|
||
look for a preceding load index register instruction.)<span
|
||
style="mso-spacerun: yes"><EFBFBD> </span>Then, you can add a <span style='font-family:
|
||
Courier'>code</span> or a <span style='font-family:Courier'>vectab</span> entry
|
||
to the symbol file and repeat the disassembly.</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal>In rare cases, code threading may incorrectly identify data
|
||
as code:</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=ListItem><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
|
||
10.0pt;font-family:Wingdings'>q<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
|
||
</span></span><![endif]>A call to a subroutine that never returns (e.g. the
|
||
subroutine discards the return address); the other side of the call containing
|
||
data rather than code.</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=ListItem><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
|
||
10.0pt;font-family:Wingdings'>q<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
|
||
</span></span><![endif]>A conditional branch that is always, or never, executed
|
||
(and the other side of the branch contains data rather than code).</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal>Normally this latter scenario is pretty unlikely and
|
||
requires a particularly perverse programmer of the original code.<span
|
||
style="mso-spacerun: yes"><EFBFBD> </span>However, it is a technique that may be
|
||
encountered on those processors that have a <20>better<65> (i.e. fewer cycles and/or
|
||
fewer bytes) conditional jump than unconditional jump.<span
|
||
style="mso-spacerun: yes"><EFBFBD> </span>So, in general, code threading will identify
|
||
guaranteed known areas of code that may be a subset of the overall actual
|
||
code.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><EFBFBD> </span>Most of the above problem areas
|
||
can be dealt with by manual inspection of the disassembly listing and
|
||
subsequent additions to the symbol file.</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal>A thread of execution will be abandoned for one of two
|
||
reasons.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><EFBFBD> </span>If a branch or subroutine call
|
||
is made outside the address range corresponding to the source image then that
|
||
thread is not followed.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><EFBFBD> </span>Also, if an
|
||
invalid instruction is detected then the thread terminates immediately.<span
|
||
style="mso-spacerun: yes"><EFBFBD> </span>This will produce a command line error
|
||
message identifying the address where the problem occurred.<span
|
||
style="mso-spacerun: yes"><EFBFBD> </span>Normally this represents an error condition
|
||
that can be corrected by the person operating the disassembler:</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=ListItem><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
|
||
10.0pt;font-family:Wingdings'>q<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
|
||
</span></span><![endif]>The processor type is incorrectly specified;</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=ListItem><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
|
||
10.0pt;font-family:Wingdings'>q<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
|
||
</span></span><![endif]>The source binary image is not real code;</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=ListItem><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
|
||
10.0pt;font-family:Wingdings'>q<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
|
||
</span></span><![endif]>An incorrect code entry point has been supplied;</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=ListItem><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
|
||
10.0pt;font-family:Wingdings'>q<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
|
||
</span></span><![endif]>So called <20>undocumented<65> instructions have been used.</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal>In rare cases, the original programmer may have done
|
||
something that causes the code threader to incorrectly identify data as
|
||
code.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><EFBFBD> </span>These cases may also result in
|
||
invalid instruction messages.</p>
|
||
|
||
<h2><a name="_Toc506543857"></a><a name="_Toc54235603"><span style='mso-bookmark:
|
||
_Toc506543857'>Microprocessor specifics</span></a></h2>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal>The following sub-sections detail items of note relating to
|
||
disassembly for the specific microprocessors (and their variants) supported by <b
|
||
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>DASMx</b>.</p>
|
||
|
||
<h3><a name="_Toc506543858"></a><a name="_Toc54235604"><span style='mso-bookmark:
|
||
_Toc506543858'>Motorola 6800, 6802 and 6808</span></a></h3>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal>The Motorola 6800, 6802 and 6808 share an identical
|
||
instruction set.</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal>Assembler mnemonics follow the Motorola standard definitions
|
||
(see reference [1]).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><EFBFBD> </span>Note that there
|
||
are two common styles for instructions that involve the A and B registers:</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=ListItem><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
|
||
10.0pt;font-family:Wingdings'>q<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
|
||
</span></span><![endif]>The A or B register name is separated by whitespace
|
||
from the base instruction (e.g. <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>lda b value</b>);</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=ListItem><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
|
||
10.0pt;font-family:Wingdings'>q<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
|
||
</span></span><![endif]>The A or B register name is used as a suffix to the
|
||
instruction mnemonic (e.g. <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>ldab value</b>).</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>DASMx</b> uses the
|
||
latter style.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><EFBFBD> </span>This point also applies
|
||
to the 6801/6803 and 6809 mnemonics generated by the disassembler.</p>
|
||
|
||
<h3><a name="_Toc506543859"></a><a name="_Toc54235605"><span style='mso-bookmark:
|
||
_Toc506543859'>Motorola 6801 and 6803</span></a></h3>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal>The Motorola 6801 and 6803 share an identical instruction
|
||
set that is an object code compatible superset of that of the base 6800.<span
|
||
style="mso-spacerun: yes"><EFBFBD> </span>These processors contain on-chip timer and
|
||
I/O plus an expanded interrupt vector area over that of the 6800.<span
|
||
style="mso-spacerun: yes"><EFBFBD> </span>Definitions for these in a symbol file will
|
||
be useful for disassembly of any 6801/6803 code.<span style="mso-spacerun:
|
||
yes"><EFBFBD> </span>See the supplied 6803 symbol file, <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:
|
||
normal'>ebcgame.sym</b>, for an example that could be used as a template for
|
||
other 6801/6803 disassembly.</p>
|
||
|
||
<h3><a name="_Toc54235606"></a><a name="_Toc506543860"><span style='mso-bookmark:
|
||
_Toc54235606'>Hitach 6301 and 6303</span></a></h3>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc506543860'>The Hitachi 6301
|
||
and 6303 are enhanced versions of the Motorola 6801/6803 with an enhanced object
|
||
code compatible instruction set.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><EFBFBD>
|
||
</span>Differences include a few additional instructions and pipelining that
|
||
improves some instruction times.</span></p>
|
||
|
||
<h3><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc506543860'><a name="_Toc54235607">Motorola
|
||
6805</a></span></h3>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc506543860'>The 6805 is another
|
||
single chip microprocessor from Motorola.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><EFBFBD>
|
||
</span>But, unlike the 6801/6803 it has an instruction set that no longer
|
||
object code compatible with the original 6800.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><EFBFBD>
|
||
</span>Mostly found in embedded applications, the 6805 formed the starting
|
||
point for a series of microprocessors from Motorola and Hitachi.</span></p>
|
||
|
||
<h3><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc506543860'><a name="_Toc54235608">Hitach
|
||
63L05</a></span></h3>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc506543860'>The Hitachi 63L05
|
||
has an identical instruction set to the Motorola 6805, but with different cycle
|
||
counts for some instructions.</span></p>
|
||
|
||
<h3><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc506543860'><a name="_Toc54235609">Motorola
|
||
68HC05 and 68HC705</a></span></h3>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc506543860'>The Motorola 68HC05
|
||
and 68HC705 have an instruction set that is a superset of the Motorola
|
||
6805.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><EFBFBD> </span>It has three extra instructions: <b>stop</b>,
|
||
<b>wait</b> and <b>mul</b>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><EFBFBD> </span>There are
|
||
also cycle count differences from the base 6805.</span></p>
|
||
|
||
<span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc506543860'></span>
|
||
|
||
<h3><a name="_Toc54235610"></a><a name="_Toc506543861"><span style='mso-bookmark:
|
||
_Toc54235610'>Hitach 6305</span></a></h3>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc506543861'>The Hitachi 6305
|
||
has an instruction set that is a superset of the Motorola 6805.<span
|
||
style="mso-spacerun: yes"><EFBFBD> </span>It has three extra instructions: <b>stop</b>,
|
||
<b>wait</b> and <b>daa</b>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><EFBFBD> </span>There are
|
||
also cycle count differences from the base 6805.</span></p>
|
||
|
||
<h3><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc506543861'><a name="_Toc54235611">Motorola
|
||
6809</a></span></h3>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal>The Motorola 6809 has an instruction set that is compatible
|
||
with that of the 6800<i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'> at the assembler
|
||
level</i> (i.e. it is <i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>not</i> binary
|
||
compatible, but every 6800 instruction mnemonic is present in the 6809
|
||
instruction set).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><EFBFBD> </span>The 6809 also has
|
||
many additional instructions that are not present in the 6800.</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal><i>Note:the Hitachi 6309 was incorrectly included in earlier
|
||
versions of <b>DASMx</b> as having an identical instruction set to the
|
||
6809.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><EFBFBD> </span>This mistake was due to incorrect
|
||
information in a Hitachi data book.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><EFBFBD> </span>It
|
||
is now understood that the 6309 has a greatly expanded set of instructions over
|
||
the 6809.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><EFBFBD> </span>Full support for the 6309 may
|
||
be added in a future version of <b>DASMx</b>.<o:p></o:p></i></p>
|
||
|
||
<h3><a name="_Toc506543862"></a><a name="_Toc54235612"><span style='mso-bookmark:
|
||
_Toc506543862'>MOS Technology/Rockwell 6502</span></a></h3>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal>The MOS Technology/Rockwell 6502 has a similar instruction
|
||
set to that of the 6800 (but totally opcode incompatible).</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal>A number of 6502 variants, with expanded instruction sets
|
||
and addressing capabilities have appeared over the years.<span
|
||
style="mso-spacerun: yes"><EFBFBD> </span><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>DASMx</b>
|
||
copes with some, but not all, of these variants (see next sections).<span
|
||
style="mso-spacerun: yes"><EFBFBD> </span>If you know that a processor is based on the
|
||
6502 architecture, but are unsure of the variant then try disassembling with
|
||
the CPU type set to 6502, 65C02 and 65C00.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><EFBFBD>
|
||
</span>Inspect the results and select whichever gives the most intelligent
|
||
disassembly.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><EFBFBD> </span>[Tip: try this with code
|
||
threading and select the processor that gives least threading errors.]</p>
|
||
|
||
<h3><a name="_Toc506543863"></a><a name="_Toc54235613"><span style='mso-bookmark:
|
||
_Toc506543863'>Rockwell 65C00/21 and 65C29</span></a></h3>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal>The Rockwell 65C00/21 and 65C29 each contain two enhanced
|
||
CMOS 6502 CPU cores plus on-chip masked ROM, RAM, two timers and general
|
||
purpose I/O.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><EFBFBD> </span>Instruction set
|
||
differences over the basic NMOS 6502 include new instructions for unsigned
|
||
multiply, memory bit set and reset, branch on bit set/reset, unconditional
|
||
branch and push/pop for the index registers.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><EFBFBD>
|
||
</span>With the exception of the multiply instruction, these new instructions
|
||
are a subset of the additional instructions in the 65C02.</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal>Note that the CPU type for the 65C00/21 should be specified
|
||
as <span style='font-family:Courier'>65C00</span> (i.e. without the trailing
|
||
<EFBFBD>/21<32>).</p>
|
||
|
||
<h3><a name="_Toc506543864"></a><a name="_Toc54235614"><span style='mso-bookmark:
|
||
_Toc506543864'>Rockwell 65C02, 65C102 and 65C112</span></a></h3>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal>The Rockwell 65C02 is an improved version of, and object
|
||
code compatible with, the original NMOS 6502 with twelve new basic instructions
|
||
(giving 59 new opcodes with variants).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><EFBFBD>
|
||
</span>The 65C02 is pin compatible with the original 6502.<span
|
||
style="mso-spacerun: yes"><EFBFBD> </span>The 65C102 is similar, but with minor pinout
|
||
differences to provide for multi-processor bus operation.<span
|
||
style="mso-spacerun: yes"><EFBFBD> </span>The 65C112 has no internal clock oscillator
|
||
and is designed as a slave processor to the 65C102.<span style="mso-spacerun:
|
||
yes"><EFBFBD> </span>The extra instructions include all of the additions found in the
|
||
65C00/21 and 65C29 dual processors <20> with the exception of the multiply
|
||
instruction found in those devices.</p>
|
||
|
||
<h3><a name="_Toc506543865"></a><a name="_Toc54235615"><span style='mso-bookmark:
|
||
_Toc506543865'>Zilog Z80</span></a></h3>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal>The Zilog Z80 (also made by Mostek, Sharp, NEC and other
|
||
second sources) has an instruction set that is binary compatible with that of
|
||
the Intel 8080, but with many additional instructions.<span
|
||
style="mso-spacerun: yes"><EFBFBD> </span>Although each 8080 instruction has an
|
||
identical Z80 instruction, Zilog chose to use a different mnemonic style for
|
||
almost every instruction.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><EFBFBD> </span>Consequently,
|
||
Z80 assembler (even if restricted to the 8080 subset) appears quite different
|
||
even though the resulting binary image is identical.</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal>The Z80 has a great many (so called) undocumented
|
||
instructions that (sometimes) perform useful functions.<span
|
||
style="mso-spacerun: yes"><EFBFBD> </span><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>DASMx</b>
|
||
does not currently support these additional instructions.</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal>Like the 6502, the Z80 has spawned many variants with opcode
|
||
compatible instruction supersets.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><EFBFBD> </span><b
|
||
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>DASMx</b> can be used on code for these
|
||
devices with the standard caveat that any of the new instructions will not be
|
||
disassembled as valid code (and therefore code threading is not advised.)</p>
|
||
|
||
<h3><a name="_Toc54235616"></a><a name="_Toc506543866"><span style='mso-bookmark:
|
||
_Toc54235616'>National Semiconductor NSC800</span></a></h3>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc506543866'>The National
|
||
Semiconductor NSC800 has an identical instruction set to the Zilog Z80.<span
|
||
style="mso-spacerun: yes"><EFBFBD> </span>The differences between a Z80 and the NSC800
|
||
were all electrical.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><EFBFBD> </span>The NSC800 was
|
||
fabricated in a CMOS process called P<sup>2</sup>CMOS.<span
|
||
style="mso-spacerun: yes"><EFBFBD> </span>It also had a bus architecture that was
|
||
compatible with the Intel 8080 (i.e. multiplexed address and data bus) and was
|
||
therefore not pin compatible with a standard Z80.</span></p>
|
||
|
||
<h3><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc506543866'><a name="_Toc54235617">Sharp
|
||
LR35902 (GameBoy processor)</a></span></h3>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal>The Sharp LR35902 is the processor used in the hugely popular
|
||
Nintendo GameBoy.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><EFBFBD> </span>This processor is a
|
||
single chip variant of the Zilog Z80.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><EFBFBD>
|
||
</span>The instruction set is based on a subset of that of the Z80 but with
|
||
some additional instructions.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><EFBFBD> </span>Of those
|
||
instructions that are shared with the Z80, most are opcode compatible but there
|
||
are a few differences.</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal>As a single chip microcontroller, the LR35902 contains
|
||
various on-chip I/O and timer functions.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><EFBFBD>
|
||
</span>These are accessed through a 256 byte memory page starting at address
|
||
0xFF00.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><EFBFBD> </span>The supplied file, <b
|
||
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>gameboy.sym</b>, contains a set of known
|
||
symbol definitions for these memory mapped registers.<span style="mso-spacerun:
|
||
yes"><EFBFBD> </span>This generic GameBoy processor symbol file may be included in the
|
||
main symbol file for the disassembly of a specific binary image.<span
|
||
style="mso-spacerun: yes"><EFBFBD> </span>The supplied <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:
|
||
normal'>tetris.sym</b> file shows an example of this.</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></p>
|
||
|
||
<table border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 style='margin-left:33.75pt;
|
||
border-collapse:collapse;border:none;mso-border-alt:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
|
||
mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td width=510 valign=top style='width:382.75pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
|
||
padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:
|
||
3.0pt;margin-left:0cm'><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>WARNING</b>:
|
||
unlike all the other processors supported by <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:
|
||
normal'>DASMx</b>, it has not been possible to obtain <i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
|
||
normal'>official</i> manufacturer's data on the Sharp LR35902.<span
|
||
style="mso-spacerun: yes"><EFBFBD> </span>The information used is derived from a
|
||
number of different public domain documents <20> some of which conflict over
|
||
certain details.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><EFBFBD> </span>Consequently, the
|
||
LR35902 disassembly should be considered provisional and potentially subject
|
||
to error.</p>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:
|
||
3.0pt;margin-left:0cm'>If anyone has access to genuine Sharp (or other
|
||
official) data on this device please contact the author: <a
|
||
href="mailto:pclare@bigfoot.com">pclare@bigfoot.com</a>.</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></p>
|
||
|
||
<h3><a name="_Toc506543867"></a><a name="_Toc54235618"><span style='mso-bookmark:
|
||
_Toc506543867'>Intel MCS-80/85<38> (8080 and 8085)</span></a></h3>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal>The Intel 8080 and 8085 share an almost identical
|
||
instruction set.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><EFBFBD> </span>The Intel 8085 is an
|
||
enhanced version of the 8080, with two additional instructions (<span
|
||
style='font-family:Courier'>rim</span> and <span style='font-family:Courier'>sim</span>)
|
||
used to control new serial in and out pins and interrupt inputs.</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal>When disassembling 8080 (and, with provisos, 8085) code the
|
||
user has the option of generating either Intel or Zilog mnemonics.<span
|
||
style="mso-spacerun: yes"><EFBFBD> </span>To generate Intel mnemonics, simply specify
|
||
the CPU type to be <span style='font-family:Courier'>8080</span> or <span
|
||
style='font-family:Courier'>8085</span> as required.</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal>Generating Zilog Z80 style mnemonics from Intel 8080 code is
|
||
possible because the 8080 has an instruction set that is a compatible binary
|
||
subset of those of the Z80.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><EFBFBD> </span>Simply
|
||
specify the CPU type is as <span style='font-family:Courier'>Z80</span> and <b
|
||
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>DASMx</b> will correctly disassemble 8080
|
||
code into Zilog mnemonics.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><EFBFBD> </span>This will
|
||
not suit Intel assembler die-hards, but may be preferred by those more familiar
|
||
with the Z80.</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal>WARNING: if <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>DASMx</b>
|
||
is used as a Z80 disassembler on 8085 code and either of the two 8085 specific
|
||
instructions are used<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><EFBFBD> </span>(<span
|
||
style='font-family:Courier'>rim</span> and <span style='font-family:Courier'>sim</span>)
|
||
then problems will result.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><EFBFBD> </span>In such
|
||
cases Zilog disassembly is probably best avoided.<span style="mso-spacerun:
|
||
yes"><EFBFBD> </span>If you really must have Zilog mnemonics then read the following
|
||
description of how these instructions are handled and be prepared for code
|
||
threading to work incorrectly.</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:Courier'>rim</span> is a one byte
|
||
instruction, but <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>DASMx</b> will attempt
|
||
to disassemble this as the two byte <span style='font-family:Courier'>jr nz</span>
|
||
Z80 instruction.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><EFBFBD> </span>This will both
|
||
generate a false label and ignore the next byte in the 8085 opcode stream.<span
|
||
style="mso-spacerun: yes"><EFBFBD> </span>Since that could be the first byte in a
|
||
multi-byte opcode it could take a number of erroneously disassembled
|
||
instructions before synchronisation is achieved.</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:Courier'>sim</span> is a one byte
|
||
instruction that will be disassembled as the first byte of the three byte <span
|
||
style='font-family:Courier'>ld hl</span> immediate instruction.<span
|
||
style="mso-spacerun: yes"><EFBFBD> </span>The results will be similar to those for <span
|
||
style='font-family:Courier'>rim</span>.</p>
|
||
|
||
<h3><a name="_Toc506543868"></a><a name="_Toc54235619"><span style='mso-bookmark:
|
||
_Toc506543868'>Intel MCS-48<34> family (8048 etc.)</span></a></h3>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>DASMx</b> will
|
||
disassemble opcodes for the following Intel MCS-48<34> family devices (and
|
||
equivalents from second source manufacturers): 8021, 8022, 8035, 8039, 8041, 8741,
|
||
8048, 8049 and 8748.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><EFBFBD> </span>The CPU type
|
||
should be set to <span style='font-family:Courier'>8048</span> and the term
|
||
"8048" is used throughout this documentation to refer to this family
|
||
of devices.</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal>The 8021 instruction set is a much reduced subset of the
|
||
full 8048 set of instructions.</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal>The 8022 has a very similar instruction set to the 8021, but
|
||
with slightly more of the 8048 instructions and a few new instructions to
|
||
handle the on-chip analogue to digital converter.</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal>The 8041/8741 has almost the same instruction set as the
|
||
8048, but with just a few instructions missing.</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>DASMx</b> can
|
||
disassemble code for the 8021, 8022, 8041 and 8741 variants with the caveat
|
||
that data areas may be disassembled as 8048 instructions that are in fact
|
||
illegal on the variant.</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal>The 8048 jump and call instructions operate on an 11-bit
|
||
address (i.e. within a 2 Kbyte memory bank).<span style="mso-spacerun:
|
||
yes"><EFBFBD> </span>A memory bank select bit (controlled by the <span
|
||
style='font-family:Courier'>sel mb0</span> and <span style='font-family:
|
||
Courier'>sel mb1</span> instructions) is combined with the 11-bit
|
||
jump/call address to give full 12-bit addressing within the 4 Kbyte
|
||
address space of the 8048.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><EFBFBD> </span>This
|
||
presents a problem for the code threading and automatic label generation
|
||
functions of <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>DASMx</b> since a
|
||
destination address can only be fully calculated if the last memory bank select
|
||
operation is known.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><EFBFBD> </span>Tracking the state
|
||
of the memory bank select bit is currently beyond the capabilities of <b
|
||
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>DASMx</b>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><EFBFBD>
|
||
</span>For this reason, it is advised that code threading be not used if the
|
||
size of the 8048 source image exceeds 2 Kbytes.<span style="mso-spacerun:
|
||
yes"><EFBFBD> </span>If images greater than this are disassembled, even with threading
|
||
disabled, some errors in automatically generated labels may be expected.</p>
|
||
|
||
<h3><a name="_Toc506543869"></a><a name="_Toc54235620"><span style='mso-bookmark:
|
||
_Toc506543869'>Intel MCS-51<35> family (8051 etc.)</span></a></h3>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal>Intel introduced the 8051 to provide an upgrade path from
|
||
the 8048.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><EFBFBD> </span>It would do all that the 8048
|
||
would do and more.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><EFBFBD> </span>The heritage of the
|
||
8048 is obvious in the architecture and instruction set of the 8051.</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal>Like the 8048, the 8051 was initially available in a number
|
||
of variants (e.g. 8031 and 8751).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><EFBFBD>
|
||
</span>Subsequently, many further variants of the 8051 have been produced by
|
||
Intel and by other manufacturers.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><EFBFBD> </span>Some
|
||
of these added to the instruction set.</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>DASMx</b> will only
|
||
correctly disassemble code for the original 8051 devices that shared the
|
||
MCS-51<35> instruction set.</p>
|
||
|
||
<h3><a name="_Toc506543870"></a><a name="_Toc54235621"><span style='mso-bookmark:
|
||
_Toc506543870'>Signetics 2650</span></a></h3>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal>The Signetics 2650 is a rather oddball processor when
|
||
compared to most other 8-bit processors handled by <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:
|
||
normal'>DASMx</b>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><EFBFBD> </span>It operates on 8-bit
|
||
data and can address 32,768 bytes of memory organised in four pages of 8,192
|
||
bytes each.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><EFBFBD> </span>It has a large range of
|
||
addressing modes, made possible by the use of bits encoded in the second byte
|
||
of two and three byte instructions. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><EFBFBD></span>It
|
||
has a 3-bit stack pointer, which means that subroutines can be nested to, at
|
||
most, eight deep.</p>
|
||
|
||
<h3><a name="_Toc54235622"></a><a name="_Toc506543871"><span style='mso-bookmark:
|
||
_Toc54235622'>RCA/Intersil CDP1802 COSMAC</span></a></h3>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc506543871'>The CDP1802 is a
|
||
single chip implementation of the earlier CDP1801/CDP18101 two-chip
|
||
pairing.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><EFBFBD> </span>Its main novelty at the time
|
||
of launch was fabrication using CMOS technology (at a time when most
|
||
microprocessors were being made using NMOS).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><EFBFBD>
|
||
</span>Its internal register architecture is also a little bit different from
|
||
most contemporary processors.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><EFBFBD> </span>It is
|
||
well endowed with registers <20> sixteen 16-bit to be precise <20> any one of which
|
||
can be designated the Program Counter and another the Stack Pointer.<span
|
||
style="mso-spacerun: yes"><EFBFBD> </span>Unusually for processors of the era it also
|
||
had rudimentary DMA capabilities.</span></p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc506543871'>With just one
|
||
exception, every possible 8-bit instruction opcode is valid.<span
|
||
style="mso-spacerun: yes"><EFBFBD> </span>This means that attempting to disassemble
|
||
data will usually produce sequences of <20>code<64>.</span></p>
|
||
|
||
<h3><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc506543871'><a name="_Toc54235623">RCA/Intersil
|
||
CDP1805 and CDP1806</a></span></h3>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc506543871'>Using the one
|
||
invalid opcode in the CDP1802 instruction set as a prefix instruction allowed
|
||
the instruction set of the CDP1805 and CDP1806 to be expanded over that of the
|
||
similar CDP1802 COSMAC.</span></p>
|
||
|
||
<h3><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc506543871'><a name="_Toc54235624">Microchip
|
||
PIC16F83 and PIC16F84</a></span></h3>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc506543871'>The Microchip
|
||
PIC16F83 and PIC16F84 are both members of the Microchip PIC16CXX family of
|
||
8-bit microcontrollers.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><EFBFBD> </span>These devices
|
||
include on-board flash memory for program storage.<span style="mso-spacerun:
|
||
yes"><EFBFBD> </span>Other members of the family have ROM instead of flash
|
||
memory.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><EFBFBD> </span>These are known as the
|
||
PIC16CR83 and PIC16CR84.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><EFBFBD> </span>The processors
|
||
are classified as <20>8-bit<69> due to the basic size of data transfers.<span
|
||
style="mso-spacerun: yes"><EFBFBD> </span>However, program memory is organised in
|
||
14-bit words with each instruction occupying a single 14-bit word.<span
|
||
style="mso-spacerun: yes"><EFBFBD> </span><b>DASMx</b> assumes that the code image
|
||
contains these 14-bit words, each aligned to a 16-bit boundary <20> each 16 bits
|
||
of the code image containing the 14 actual bits with the top two bits set to
|
||
zero.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><EFBFBD> </span>These 16 bit words are assumed to
|
||
be in little endian format.</span></p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc506543871'>The PIC16F83 <i>et
|
||
al</i> represent just a common example of processors in the PIC16CXX
|
||
family.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><EFBFBD> </span>They have an expanded
|
||
instruction set over the PIC16C5X, for example.<span style="mso-spacerun:
|
||
yes"><EFBFBD> </span>Consequently, <b>DASMx</b> may be used to disassemble code
|
||
intended for other PIC processors with some success.<span style="mso-spacerun:
|
||
yes"><EFBFBD> </span>Future versions of <b>DASMx</b> may add explicit support for all
|
||
these variants.</span></p>
|
||
|
||
<h2><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc506543871'><a name="_Toc54235625">Assembler
|
||
pseudo operations</a></span></h2>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal>Assembler pseudo operations (e.g. that to define a data
|
||
word) are <i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>not</i> in a standard style
|
||
that matches the chosen processor.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><EFBFBD> </span>The
|
||
pseudo-ops are common across all processor disassembly output.<span
|
||
style="mso-spacerun: yes"><EFBFBD> </span>In general, the pseudo-ops follow Intel
|
||
conventions:</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=ListItem style='page-break-after:avoid'><![if !supportLists]><span
|
||
style='font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Wingdings'>q<span
|
||
style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span><![endif]>The
|
||
<EFBFBD>;<3B> character to denote a comment;</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=ListItem style='page-break-after:avoid'><![if !supportLists]><span
|
||
style='font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Wingdings'>q<span
|
||
style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span><![endif]>The
|
||
<EFBFBD>:<3A> character following a label;</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=ListItem style='page-break-after:avoid'><![if !supportLists]><span
|
||
style='font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Wingdings'>q<span
|
||
style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span><![endif]><b
|
||
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>db</b>, to define a data byte, character or
|
||
string;</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=ListItem style='page-break-after:avoid'><![if !supportLists]><span
|
||
style='font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Wingdings'>q<span
|
||
style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span><![endif]><b
|
||
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>dw</b>, to define a data word;</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=ListItem><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
|
||
10.0pt;font-family:Wingdings'>q<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
|
||
</span></span><![endif]><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>org</b>, to
|
||
specify a starting address.</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal>If these do not suit your preferred assembler, then use of
|
||
search and replace in a text editor can probably effect the required changes.</p>
|
||
|
||
<h2><a name="_Toc506543872"></a><a name="_Toc54235626"><span style='mso-bookmark:
|
||
_Toc506543872'>Number format</span></a></h2>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal>Microprocessor manufacturers have chosen a variety of
|
||
different formats<a style='mso-footnote-id:ftn1' href="#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1"
|
||
title=""><span class=MsoFootnoteReference><span style='font-size:8.0pt;
|
||
mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-text-raise:0pt'><span style='mso-special-character:
|
||
footnote'><![if !supportFootnotes]>[1]<![endif]></span></span></span></a> for
|
||
representing hexadecimal numbers.</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>DASMx</b> supports
|
||
seven different hex number format styles.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><EFBFBD>
|
||
</span>These are summarised in the table below, with an example in each case
|
||
for the hex number F12C.</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></p>
|
||
|
||
<table border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 style='margin-left:62.1pt;
|
||
border-collapse:collapse;border:none;mso-border-alt:solid black 1.5pt;
|
||
mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td width=142 valign=top style='width:106.25pt;border-top:solid black 1.5pt;
|
||
border-left:solid black 1.5pt;border-bottom:solid black .75pt;border-right:
|
||
none;background:#333399;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:2.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:
|
||
2.0pt;margin-left:0cm;page-break-after:avoid'><b><span style='font-family:
|
||
AvantGarde;color:white'>Number format<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td width=199 valign=top style='width:148.9pt;border-top:solid black 1.5pt;
|
||
border-left:none;border-bottom:solid black .75pt;border-right:none;
|
||
background:#333399;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:2.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:
|
||
2.0pt;margin-left:0cm;page-break-after:avoid'><b><span style='font-family:
|
||
AvantGarde;color:white'>numformat parameter<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td width=113 valign=top style='width:3.0cm;border-top:solid black 1.5pt;
|
||
border-left:none;border-bottom:solid black .75pt;border-right:solid black 1.5pt;
|
||
background:#333399;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:2.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:
|
||
2.0pt;margin-left:0cm;page-break-after:avoid'><b><span style='font-family:
|
||
AvantGarde;color:white'>Example<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td width=142 valign=top style='width:106.25pt;border:none;border-left:solid black 1.5pt;
|
||
mso-border-top-alt:solid black .75pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoIndex1 style='margin-top:2.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:
|
||
2.0pt;margin-left:0cm;page-break-after:avoid'>ARM</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td width=199 valign=top style='width:148.9pt;border:none;mso-border-top-alt:
|
||
solid black .75pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:2.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:
|
||
2.0pt;margin-left:0cm;page-break-after:avoid'><span style='font-family:Courier'>A<o:p></o:p></span></p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td width=113 valign=top style='width:3.0cm;border:none;border-right:solid black 1.5pt;
|
||
mso-border-top-alt:solid black .75pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:2.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:
|
||
2.0pt;margin-left:0cm;page-break-after:avoid'><span style='font-family:Courier'>&F12C<o:p></o:p></span></p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td width=142 valign=top style='width:106.25pt;border:none;border-left:solid black 1.5pt;
|
||
padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:2.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:
|
||
2.0pt;margin-left:0cm;page-break-after:avoid'>Intel</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td width=199 valign=top style='width:148.9pt;border:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:2.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:
|
||
2.0pt;margin-left:0cm;page-break-after:avoid'><span style='font-family:Courier'>I<o:p></o:p></span></p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td width=113 valign=top style='width:3.0cm;border:none;border-right:solid black 1.5pt;
|
||
padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:2.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:
|
||
2.0pt;margin-left:0cm;page-break-after:avoid'><span style='font-family:Courier'>0F12CH<o:p></o:p></span></p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td width=142 valign=top style='width:106.25pt;border:none;border-left:solid black 1.5pt;
|
||
padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:2.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:
|
||
2.0pt;margin-left:0cm;page-break-after:avoid'>Motorola</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td width=199 valign=top style='width:148.9pt;border:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:2.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:
|
||
2.0pt;margin-left:0cm;page-break-after:avoid'><span style='font-family:Courier'>M<o:p></o:p></span></p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td width=113 valign=top style='width:3.0cm;border:none;border-right:solid black 1.5pt;
|
||
padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:2.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:
|
||
2.0pt;margin-left:0cm;page-break-after:avoid'><span style='font-family:Courier'>$F12C<o:p></o:p></span></p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td width=142 valign=top style='width:106.25pt;border:none;border-left:solid black 1.5pt;
|
||
padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:2.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:
|
||
2.0pt;margin-left:0cm;page-break-after:avoid'>RCA</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td width=199 valign=top style='width:148.9pt;border:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:2.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:
|
||
2.0pt;margin-left:0cm;page-break-after:avoid'><span style='font-family:Courier'>R<o:p></o:p></span></p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td width=113 valign=top style='width:3.0cm;border:none;border-right:solid black 1.5pt;
|
||
padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:2.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:
|
||
2.0pt;margin-left:0cm;page-break-after:avoid'><span style='font-family:Courier'>#F12C<o:p></o:p></span></p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td width=142 valign=top style='width:106.25pt;border:none;border-left:solid black 1.5pt;
|
||
padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:2.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:
|
||
2.0pt;margin-left:0cm;page-break-after:avoid'>Signetics</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td width=199 valign=top style='width:148.9pt;border:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:2.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:
|
||
2.0pt;margin-left:0cm;page-break-after:avoid'><span style='font-family:Courier'>S<o:p></o:p></span></p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td width=113 valign=top style='width:3.0cm;border:none;border-right:solid black 1.5pt;
|
||
padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:2.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:
|
||
2.0pt;margin-left:0cm;page-break-after:avoid'><span style='font-family:Courier'>H<EFBFBD>F12C<EFBFBD><o:p></o:p></span></p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td width=142 valign=top style='width:106.25pt;border:none;border-left:solid black 1.5pt;
|
||
padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:2.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:
|
||
2.0pt;margin-left:0cm;page-break-after:avoid'>C language</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td width=199 valign=top style='width:148.9pt;border:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:2.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:
|
||
2.0pt;margin-left:0cm;page-break-after:avoid'><span style='font-family:Courier'>C<o:p></o:p></span></p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td width=113 valign=top style='width:3.0cm;border:none;border-right:solid black 1.5pt;
|
||
padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:2.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:
|
||
2.0pt;margin-left:0cm;page-break-after:avoid'><span style='font-family:Courier'>0xF12C<o:p></o:p></span></p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td width=142 valign=top style='width:106.25pt;border-top:none;border-left:
|
||
solid black 1.5pt;border-bottom:solid black 1.5pt;border-right:none;
|
||
padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:2.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:
|
||
2.0pt;margin-left:0cm'>Decimal</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td width=199 valign=top style='width:148.9pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid black 1.5pt;
|
||
padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:2.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:
|
||
2.0pt;margin-left:0cm'><span style='font-family:Courier'>D<o:p></o:p></span></p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td width=113 valign=top style='width:3.0cm;border-top:none;border-left:none;
|
||
border-bottom:solid black 1.5pt;border-right:solid black 1.5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:2.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:
|
||
2.0pt;margin-left:0cm'><span style='font-family:Courier'>61740<o:p></o:p></span></p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>DASMx</b> chooses a default
|
||
number format according to the CPU type setting.<span style="mso-spacerun:
|
||
yes"><EFBFBD> </span>A numformat statement in the symbol file can override the default
|
||
choice.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><EFBFBD> </span>The number format defaults for
|
||
the processors supported by <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>DASMx</b>
|
||
are given in the following table.</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></p>
|
||
|
||
<table border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 style='margin-left:62.1pt;
|
||
border-collapse:collapse;border:none;mso-border-alt:solid black 1.5pt;
|
||
mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td width=170 valign=top style='width:127.6pt;border-top:solid black 1.5pt;
|
||
border-left:solid black 1.5pt;border-bottom:solid black .75pt;border-right:
|
||
none;background:#333399;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:2.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:
|
||
2.0pt;margin-left:0cm;page-break-after:avoid'><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:
|
||
normal'><span style='font-family:AvantGarde;color:white;mso-bidi-font-style:
|
||
italic'>Manufacturer<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td width=132 valign=top style='width:99.2pt;border-top:solid black 1.5pt;
|
||
border-left:none;border-bottom:solid black .75pt;border-right:none;
|
||
background:#333399;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:2.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:
|
||
2.0pt;margin-left:0cm;page-break-after:avoid'><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:
|
||
normal'><span style='font-family:AvantGarde;color:white;mso-bidi-font-style:
|
||
italic'>cpu parameter<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td width=113 valign=top style='width:3.0cm;border-top:solid black 1.5pt;
|
||
border-left:none;border-bottom:solid black .75pt;border-right:solid black 1.5pt;
|
||
background:#333399;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:2.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:
|
||
2.0pt;margin-left:0cm;page-break-after:avoid'><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:
|
||
normal'><span style='font-family:AvantGarde;color:white;mso-bidi-font-style:
|
||
italic'>Format<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td width=170 valign=top style='width:127.6pt;border:none;border-left:solid black 1.5pt;
|
||
padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:1.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:
|
||
1.0pt;margin-left:0cm;page-break-after:avoid'>Microchip</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td width=132 valign=top style='width:99.2pt;border:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:1.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:
|
||
1.0pt;margin-left:0cm;page-break-after:avoid'><span style='font-family:Courier'>PIC16F83<o:p></o:p></span></p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td width=113 valign=top style='width:3.0cm;border:none;border-right:solid black 1.5pt;
|
||
padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:1.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:
|
||
1.0pt;margin-left:0cm;page-break-after:avoid'>C language</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td width=170 valign=top style='width:127.6pt;border:none;border-left:solid black 1.5pt;
|
||
padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:1.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:
|
||
1.0pt;margin-left:0cm;page-break-after:avoid'>Microchip</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td width=132 valign=top style='width:99.2pt;border:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:1.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:
|
||
1.0pt;margin-left:0cm;page-break-after:avoid'><span style='font-family:Courier'>PIC16F84<o:p></o:p></span></p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td width=113 valign=top style='width:3.0cm;border:none;border-right:solid black 1.5pt;
|
||
padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:1.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:
|
||
1.0pt;margin-left:0cm;page-break-after:avoid'>C language</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td width=170 valign=top style='width:127.6pt;border:none;border-left:solid black 1.5pt;
|
||
padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:1.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:
|
||
1.0pt;margin-left:0cm;page-break-after:avoid'>RCA</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td width=132 valign=top style='width:99.2pt;border:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:1.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:
|
||
1.0pt;margin-left:0cm;page-break-after:avoid'><span style='font-family:Courier'>1802<o:p></o:p></span></p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td width=113 valign=top style='width:3.0cm;border:none;border-right:solid black 1.5pt;
|
||
padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:1.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:
|
||
1.0pt;margin-left:0cm;page-break-after:avoid'>RCA</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td width=170 valign=top style='width:127.6pt;border:none;border-left:solid black 1.5pt;
|
||
padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:1.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:
|
||
1.0pt;margin-left:0cm;page-break-after:avoid'>RCA</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td width=132 valign=top style='width:99.2pt;border:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:1.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:
|
||
1.0pt;margin-left:0cm;page-break-after:avoid'><span style='font-family:Courier'>1805<o:p></o:p></span></p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td width=113 valign=top style='width:3.0cm;border:none;border-right:solid black 1.5pt;
|
||
padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:1.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:
|
||
1.0pt;margin-left:0cm;page-break-after:avoid'>RCA</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td width=170 valign=top style='width:127.6pt;border:none;border-left:solid black 1.5pt;
|
||
padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:1.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:
|
||
1.0pt;margin-left:0cm;page-break-after:avoid'>Signetics</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td width=132 valign=top style='width:99.2pt;border:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:1.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:
|
||
1.0pt;margin-left:0cm;page-break-after:avoid'><span style='font-family:Courier'>2650<o:p></o:p></span></p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td width=113 valign=top style='width:3.0cm;border:none;border-right:solid black 1.5pt;
|
||
padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:1.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:
|
||
1.0pt;margin-left:0cm;page-break-after:avoid'>Signetics</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td width=170 valign=top style='width:127.6pt;border:none;border-left:solid black 1.5pt;
|
||
padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:1.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:
|
||
1.0pt;margin-left:0cm;page-break-after:avoid'>MOS Technology</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td width=132 valign=top style='width:99.2pt;border:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:1.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:
|
||
1.0pt;margin-left:0cm;page-break-after:avoid'><span style='font-family:Courier'>6502<o:p></o:p></span></p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td width=113 valign=top style='width:3.0cm;border:none;border-right:solid black 1.5pt;
|
||
padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:1.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:
|
||
1.0pt;margin-left:0cm;page-break-after:avoid'>Motorola</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td width=170 valign=top style='width:127.6pt;border:none;border-left:solid black 1.5pt;
|
||
padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:1.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:
|
||
1.0pt;margin-left:0cm;page-break-after:avoid'>Rockwell</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td width=132 valign=top style='width:99.2pt;border:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:1.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:
|
||
1.0pt;margin-left:0cm;page-break-after:avoid'><span style='font-family:Courier'>65C00<o:p></o:p></span></p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td width=113 valign=top style='width:3.0cm;border:none;border-right:solid black 1.5pt;
|
||
padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:1.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:
|
||
1.0pt;margin-left:0cm;page-break-after:avoid'>Motorola</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td width=170 valign=top style='width:127.6pt;border:none;border-left:solid black 1.5pt;
|
||
padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:1.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:
|
||
1.0pt;margin-left:0cm;page-break-after:avoid'>Rockwell</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td width=132 valign=top style='width:99.2pt;border:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:1.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:
|
||
1.0pt;margin-left:0cm;page-break-after:avoid'><span style='font-family:Courier'>65C02<o:p></o:p></span></p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td width=113 valign=top style='width:3.0cm;border:none;border-right:solid black 1.5pt;
|
||
padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:1.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:
|
||
1.0pt;margin-left:0cm;page-break-after:avoid'>Motorola</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td width=170 valign=top style='width:127.6pt;border:none;border-left:solid black 1.5pt;
|
||
padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:1.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:
|
||
1.0pt;margin-left:0cm;page-break-after:avoid'>Rockwell</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td width=132 valign=top style='width:99.2pt;border:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:1.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:
|
||
1.0pt;margin-left:0cm;page-break-after:avoid'><span style='font-family:Courier'>65C29<o:p></o:p></span></p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td width=113 valign=top style='width:3.0cm;border:none;border-right:solid black 1.5pt;
|
||
padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:1.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:
|
||
1.0pt;margin-left:0cm;page-break-after:avoid'>Motorola</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td width=170 valign=top style='width:127.6pt;border:none;border-left:solid black 1.5pt;
|
||
padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:1.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:
|
||
1.0pt;margin-left:0cm;page-break-after:avoid'>Rockwell</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td width=132 valign=top style='width:99.2pt;border:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:1.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:
|
||
1.0pt;margin-left:0cm;page-break-after:avoid'><span style='font-family:Courier'>65C102<o:p></o:p></span></p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td width=113 valign=top style='width:3.0cm;border:none;border-right:solid black 1.5pt;
|
||
padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:1.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:
|
||
1.0pt;margin-left:0cm;page-break-after:avoid'>Motorola</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td width=170 valign=top style='width:127.6pt;border:none;border-left:solid black 1.5pt;
|
||
padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoIndex1 style='margin-top:1.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:
|
||
1.0pt;margin-left:0cm;page-break-after:avoid'>Rockwell</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td width=132 valign=top style='width:99.2pt;border:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:1.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:
|
||
1.0pt;margin-left:0cm;page-break-after:avoid'><span style='font-family:Courier'>65C112<o:p></o:p></span></p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td width=113 valign=top style='width:3.0cm;border:none;border-right:solid black 1.5pt;
|
||
padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:1.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:
|
||
1.0pt;margin-left:0cm;page-break-after:avoid'>Motorola</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td width=170 valign=top style='width:127.6pt;border:none;border-left:solid black 1.5pt;
|
||
padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:1.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:
|
||
1.0pt;margin-left:0cm;page-break-after:avoid'>Hitachi</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td width=132 valign=top style='width:99.2pt;border:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:1.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:
|
||
1.0pt;margin-left:0cm;page-break-after:avoid'><span style='font-family:Courier'>6301<o:p></o:p></span></p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td width=113 valign=top style='width:3.0cm;border:none;border-right:solid black 1.5pt;
|
||
padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:1.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:
|
||
1.0pt;margin-left:0cm;page-break-after:avoid'>Motorola</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td width=170 valign=top style='width:127.6pt;border:none;border-left:solid black 1.5pt;
|
||
padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:1.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:
|
||
1.0pt;margin-left:0cm;page-break-after:avoid'>Hitachi</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td width=132 valign=top style='width:99.2pt;border:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:1.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:
|
||
1.0pt;margin-left:0cm;page-break-after:avoid'><span style='font-family:Courier'>6303<o:p></o:p></span></p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td width=113 valign=top style='width:3.0cm;border:none;border-right:solid black 1.5pt;
|
||
padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:1.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:
|
||
1.0pt;margin-left:0cm;page-break-after:avoid'>Motorola</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td width=170 valign=top style='width:127.6pt;border:none;border-left:solid black 1.5pt;
|
||
padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:1.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:
|
||
1.0pt;margin-left:0cm;page-break-after:avoid'>Hitachi</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td width=132 valign=top style='width:99.2pt;border:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:1.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:
|
||
1.0pt;margin-left:0cm;page-break-after:avoid'><span style='font-family:Courier'>6305<o:p></o:p></span></p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td width=113 valign=top style='width:3.0cm;border:none;border-right:solid black 1.5pt;
|
||
padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:1.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:
|
||
1.0pt;margin-left:0cm;page-break-after:avoid'>Motorola</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td width=170 valign=top style='width:127.6pt;border:none;border-left:solid black 1.5pt;
|
||
padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:1.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:
|
||
1.0pt;margin-left:0cm;page-break-after:avoid'>Hitachi</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td width=132 valign=top style='width:99.2pt;border:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:1.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:
|
||
1.0pt;margin-left:0cm;page-break-after:avoid'><span style='font-family:Courier'>63L05<o:p></o:p></span></p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td width=113 valign=top style='width:3.0cm;border:none;border-right:solid black 1.5pt;
|
||
padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:1.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:
|
||
1.0pt;margin-left:0cm;page-break-after:avoid'>Motorola</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td width=170 valign=top style='width:127.6pt;border:none;border-left:solid black 1.5pt;
|
||
padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:1.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:
|
||
1.0pt;margin-left:0cm;page-break-after:avoid'>Motorola</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td width=132 valign=top style='width:99.2pt;border:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:1.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:
|
||
1.0pt;margin-left:0cm;page-break-after:avoid'><span style='font-family:Courier'>6800<o:p></o:p></span></p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td width=113 valign=top style='width:3.0cm;border:none;border-right:solid black 1.5pt;
|
||
padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:1.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:
|
||
1.0pt;margin-left:0cm;page-break-after:avoid'>Motorola</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td width=170 valign=top style='width:127.6pt;border:none;border-left:solid black 1.5pt;
|
||
padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:1.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:
|
||
1.0pt;margin-left:0cm;page-break-after:avoid'>Motorola</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td width=132 valign=top style='width:99.2pt;border:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:1.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:
|
||
1.0pt;margin-left:0cm;page-break-after:avoid'><span style='font-family:Courier'>6801<o:p></o:p></span></p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td width=113 valign=top style='width:3.0cm;border:none;border-right:solid black 1.5pt;
|
||
padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:1.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:
|
||
1.0pt;margin-left:0cm;page-break-after:avoid'>Motorola</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td width=170 valign=top style='width:127.6pt;border:none;border-left:solid black 1.5pt;
|
||
padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:1.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:
|
||
1.0pt;margin-left:0cm;page-break-after:avoid'>Motorola</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td width=132 valign=top style='width:99.2pt;border:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:1.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:
|
||
1.0pt;margin-left:0cm;page-break-after:avoid'><span style='font-family:Courier'>6802<o:p></o:p></span></p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td width=113 valign=top style='width:3.0cm;border:none;border-right:solid black 1.5pt;
|
||
padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:1.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:
|
||
1.0pt;margin-left:0cm;page-break-after:avoid'>Motorola</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td width=170 valign=top style='width:127.6pt;border:none;border-left:solid black 1.5pt;
|
||
padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:1.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:
|
||
1.0pt;margin-left:0cm;page-break-after:avoid'>Motorola</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td width=132 valign=top style='width:99.2pt;border:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:1.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:
|
||
1.0pt;margin-left:0cm;page-break-after:avoid'><span style='font-family:Courier'>6803<o:p></o:p></span></p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td width=113 valign=top style='width:3.0cm;border:none;border-right:solid black 1.5pt;
|
||
padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:1.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:
|
||
1.0pt;margin-left:0cm;page-break-after:avoid'>Motorola</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td width=170 valign=top style='width:127.6pt;border:none;border-left:solid black 1.5pt;
|
||
padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:1.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:
|
||
1.0pt;margin-left:0cm;page-break-after:avoid'>Motorola</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td width=132 valign=top style='width:99.2pt;border:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:1.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:
|
||
1.0pt;margin-left:0cm;page-break-after:avoid'><span style='font-family:Courier'>6805<o:p></o:p></span></p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td width=113 valign=top style='width:3.0cm;border:none;border-right:solid black 1.5pt;
|
||
padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:1.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:
|
||
1.0pt;margin-left:0cm;page-break-after:avoid'>Motorola</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td width=170 valign=top style='width:127.6pt;border:none;border-left:solid black 1.5pt;
|
||
padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:1.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:
|
||
1.0pt;margin-left:0cm;page-break-after:avoid'>Motorola</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td width=132 valign=top style='width:99.2pt;border:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:1.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:
|
||
1.0pt;margin-left:0cm;page-break-after:avoid'><span style='font-family:Courier'>68HC05<o:p></o:p></span></p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td width=113 valign=top style='width:3.0cm;border:none;border-right:solid black 1.5pt;
|
||
padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:1.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:
|
||
1.0pt;margin-left:0cm;page-break-after:avoid'>Motorola</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td width=170 valign=top style='width:127.6pt;border:none;border-left:solid black 1.5pt;
|
||
padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:1.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:
|
||
1.0pt;margin-left:0cm;page-break-after:avoid'>Motorola</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td width=132 valign=top style='width:99.2pt;border:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:1.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:
|
||
1.0pt;margin-left:0cm;page-break-after:avoid'><span style='font-family:Courier'>6808<o:p></o:p></span></p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td width=113 valign=top style='width:3.0cm;border:none;border-right:solid black 1.5pt;
|
||
padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:1.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:
|
||
1.0pt;margin-left:0cm;page-break-after:avoid'>Motorola</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td width=170 valign=top style='width:127.6pt;border:none;border-left:solid black 1.5pt;
|
||
padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:1.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:
|
||
1.0pt;margin-left:0cm;page-break-after:avoid'>Motorola</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td width=132 valign=top style='width:99.2pt;border:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:1.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:
|
||
1.0pt;margin-left:0cm;page-break-after:avoid'><span style='font-family:Courier'>6809<o:p></o:p></span></p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td width=113 valign=top style='width:3.0cm;border:none;border-right:solid black 1.5pt;
|
||
padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:1.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:
|
||
1.0pt;margin-left:0cm;page-break-after:avoid'>Motorola</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td width=170 valign=top style='width:127.6pt;border:none;border-left:solid black 1.5pt;
|
||
padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:1.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:
|
||
1.0pt;margin-left:0cm;page-break-after:avoid'>Intel</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td width=132 valign=top style='width:99.2pt;border:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:1.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:
|
||
1.0pt;margin-left:0cm;page-break-after:avoid'><span style='font-family:Courier'>8048<o:p></o:p></span></p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td width=113 valign=top style='width:3.0cm;border:none;border-right:solid black 1.5pt;
|
||
padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:1.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:
|
||
1.0pt;margin-left:0cm;page-break-after:avoid'>Intel</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td width=170 valign=top style='width:127.6pt;border:none;border-left:solid black 1.5pt;
|
||
padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:1.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:
|
||
1.0pt;margin-left:0cm;page-break-after:avoid'>Intel</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td width=132 valign=top style='width:99.2pt;border:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:1.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:
|
||
1.0pt;margin-left:0cm;page-break-after:avoid'><span style='font-family:Courier'>8051<o:p></o:p></span></p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td width=113 valign=top style='width:3.0cm;border:none;border-right:solid black 1.5pt;
|
||
padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:1.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:
|
||
1.0pt;margin-left:0cm;page-break-after:avoid'>Intel</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td width=170 valign=top style='width:127.6pt;border:none;border-left:solid black 1.5pt;
|
||
padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:1.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:
|
||
1.0pt;margin-left:0cm;page-break-after:avoid'>Intel</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td width=132 valign=top style='width:99.2pt;border:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:1.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:
|
||
1.0pt;margin-left:0cm;page-break-after:avoid'><span style='font-family:Courier'>8080<o:p></o:p></span></p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td width=113 valign=top style='width:3.0cm;border:none;border-right:solid black 1.5pt;
|
||
padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:1.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:
|
||
1.0pt;margin-left:0cm;page-break-after:avoid'>Intel</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td width=170 valign=top style='width:127.6pt;border:none;border-left:solid black 1.5pt;
|
||
padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:1.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:
|
||
1.0pt;margin-left:0cm;page-break-after:avoid'>Intel</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td width=132 valign=top style='width:99.2pt;border:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:1.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:
|
||
1.0pt;margin-left:0cm;page-break-after:avoid'><span style='font-family:Courier'>8085<o:p></o:p></span></p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td width=113 valign=top style='width:3.0cm;border:none;border-right:solid black 1.5pt;
|
||
padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:1.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:
|
||
1.0pt;margin-left:0cm;page-break-after:avoid'>Intel</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td width=170 valign=top style='width:127.6pt;border:none;border-left:solid black 1.5pt;
|
||
padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:1.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:
|
||
1.0pt;margin-left:0cm;page-break-after:avoid'>Zilog</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td width=132 valign=top style='width:99.2pt;border:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:1.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:
|
||
1.0pt;margin-left:0cm;page-break-after:avoid'><span style='font-family:Courier'>Z80<o:p></o:p></span></p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td width=113 valign=top style='width:3.0cm;border:none;border-right:solid black 1.5pt;
|
||
padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:1.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:
|
||
1.0pt;margin-left:0cm;page-break-after:avoid'>Intel</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td width=170 valign=top style='width:127.6pt;border-top:none;border-left:
|
||
solid black 1.5pt;border-bottom:solid black 1.5pt;border-right:none;
|
||
padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:1.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:
|
||
1.0pt;margin-left:0cm;page-break-after:avoid'>Sharp</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td width=132 valign=top style='width:99.2pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid black 1.5pt;
|
||
padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:1.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:
|
||
1.0pt;margin-left:0cm;page-break-after:avoid'><span style='font-family:Courier'>LR35902<o:p></o:p></span></p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td width=113 valign=top style='width:3.0cm;border-top:none;border-left:none;
|
||
border-bottom:solid black 1.5pt;border-right:solid black 1.5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:1.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:
|
||
1.0pt;margin-left:0cm;page-break-after:avoid'>Intel</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal>The number formatting applies to all operands in
|
||
disassembled instructions with the exception of small positive or negative offsets
|
||
in 6809 index instructions.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><EFBFBD> </span>These are
|
||
given as a signed decimal number.</p>
|
||
|
||
<h1><a name="_Toc506543873"></a><a name="_Toc54235627"><span style='mso-bookmark:
|
||
_Toc506543873'>Future enhancements</span></a></h1>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal>Whilst there is no guarantee that future versions of this
|
||
disassembler software will be released, some or all of the following areas are
|
||
likely to receive attention in any future version:</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=ListItem><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
|
||
10.0pt;font-family:Wingdings'>q<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
|
||
</span></span><![endif]>Fixing any errors discovered in the instruction
|
||
mnemonics or disassembly of an opcode to its instruction;</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=ListItem><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
|
||
10.0pt;font-family:Wingdings'>q<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
|
||
</span></span><![endif]>Rationalisation of the pseudo-ops such that the
|
||
assembler output can be fed directly into at least one common assembler without
|
||
further text editing;</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=ListItem><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
|
||
10.0pt;font-family:Wingdings'>q<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
|
||
</span></span><![endif]>Improved code threading (through use of a more complete
|
||
emulation of the processor);</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=ListItem><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
|
||
10.0pt;font-family:Wingdings'>q<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
|
||
</span></span><![endif]>Improved symbol table output in listing file;</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=ListItem><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
|
||
10.0pt;font-family:Wingdings'>q<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
|
||
</span></span><![endif]>Specifying comments in the symbol file for inclusion in
|
||
the output files;</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=ListItem><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
|
||
10.0pt;font-family:Wingdings'>q<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
|
||
</span></span><![endif]>Additional memory map output in listing file;</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=ListItem><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
|
||
10.0pt;font-family:Wingdings'>q<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
|
||
</span></span><![endif]>Better support for 8048 code greater than 2 Kbytes
|
||
and for 8048 variants;</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=ListItem><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
|
||
10.0pt;font-family:Wingdings'>q<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
|
||
</span></span><![endif]>Support for additional microprocessors;</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=ListItem><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
|
||
10.0pt;font-family:Wingdings'>q<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
|
||
</span></span><![endif]>Support for further variants of the currently supported
|
||
processors;</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=ListItem><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
|
||
10.0pt;font-family:Wingdings'>q<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
|
||
</span></span><![endif]>Disassembly of commonly known <20>undocumented<65> instructions.</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal>Fixing actual disassembly errors (if any are discovered)
|
||
will be treated with priority.</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal>Note that it is not currently intended to support platforms
|
||
other than Windows 95/98/Me or Windows NT/2000/XP.<span style="mso-spacerun:
|
||
yes"><EFBFBD> </span>In particular, there will be no 16-bit versions for DOS or any
|
||
other 16-bit operating systems.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><EFBFBD> </span>If the
|
||
demand exists, a Linux version may be produced.</p>
|
||
|
||
<h1><a name="_Toc506543874"></a><a name="_Toc54235628"><span style='mso-bookmark:
|
||
_Toc506543874'>Contacting the author</span></a></h1>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal>Feedback to Conquest Consultants may be made via <a
|
||
href="mailto:pclare@bigfoot.com">pclare@bigfoot.com</a>.</p>
|
||
|
||
<h1 style='page-break-before:always'><a name="_Toc506543875"></a><a
|
||
name="_Toc54235629"><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc506543875'>References</span></a></h1>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal>The following publications were referred to in the course of
|
||
the development of <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>DASMx</b>.<span
|
||
style="mso-spacerun: yes"><EFBFBD> </span>This may also be considered to be a useful
|
||
reference list for anyone programming these processors at assembler level
|
||
and/or inspecting the output of <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>DASMx</b>.</p>
|
||
|
||
<table border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 style='border-collapse:collapse;
|
||
mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td width=54 valign=top style='width:40.85pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'>[<span
|
||
style='mso-field-code:"seq Reference"'>1</span>]</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td width=548 valign=top style='width:411.1pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal align=left style='text-align:left'><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
|
||
normal'>M6800 Microprocessor Applications Manual</i>, Motorola Semiconductor
|
||
Products Inc., First Edition, 1975.</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td width=54 valign=top style='width:40.85pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'>[<span
|
||
style='mso-field-code:"seq Reference"'>2</span>]</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td width=548 valign=top style='width:411.1pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal align=left style='text-align:left'><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
|
||
normal'>Hitachi Microcomputer Databook 8-bit HD6800 & 16-bit HD68000</i>,
|
||
Hitachi Ltd., March 1983.</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td width=54 valign=top style='width:40.85pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'>[<span
|
||
style='mso-field-code:"seq Reference"'>3</span>]</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td width=548 valign=top style='width:411.1pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal align=left style='text-align:left'><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
|
||
normal'>Programming the 6502</i>, Rodnay Zaks, Sybex,
|
||
ISBN 0-89588-046-6, Third Edition, 1980.<i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
|
||
normal'><o:p></o:p></i></p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td width=54 valign=top style='width:40.85pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'>[<span
|
||
style='mso-field-code:"seq Reference"'>4</span>]</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td width=548 valign=top style='width:411.1pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal align=left style='text-align:left'><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
|
||
normal'>6502 Assembly Language Programming</i>, Lance A.Leventhal,
|
||
Osborne/McGraw-Hill, ISBN 0-931988-27-6, 1979.<i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
|
||
normal'><o:p></o:p></i></p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td width=54 valign=top style='width:40.85pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'>[<span
|
||
style='mso-field-code:"seq Reference"'>5</span>]</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td width=548 valign=top style='width:411.1pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal align=left style='text-align:left'><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
|
||
normal'>6502 Assembly Language Programming</i>, Second Edition, Lance
|
||
A.Leventhal, Osborne/McGraw-Hill, ISBN 0-07-881216-X, 1986.<i
|
||
style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><o:p></o:p></i></p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td width=54 valign=top style='width:40.85pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'>[<span
|
||
style='mso-field-code:"seq Reference"'>6</span>]</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td width=548 valign=top style='width:411.1pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal align=left style='text-align:left'><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
|
||
normal'>R650X and R651X Microprocessors (CPU)</i>, Rockwell, 29000D39, Data Sheet
|
||
D39, Revision 6, February 1984.<i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><o:p></o:p></i></p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td width=54 valign=top style='width:40.85pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'>[<span
|
||
style='mso-field-code:"seq Reference"'>7</span>]</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td width=548 valign=top style='width:411.1pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal align=left style='text-align:left'><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
|
||
normal'>MCS6500 Microcomputer Family Programming Manual</i>, MOS Technology
|
||
Inc., Second Edition, Publication Number 6500-50A, January 1976.</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td width=54 valign=top style='width:40.85pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'>[<span
|
||
style='mso-field-code:"seq Reference"'>8</span>]</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td width=548 valign=top style='width:411.1pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal align=left style='text-align:left'><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
|
||
normal'>1984 Data Book</i>, Semiconductor Products Division, Rockwell
|
||
International, March 1984.<i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><o:p></o:p></i></p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td width=54 valign=top style='width:40.85pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'>[<span
|
||
style='mso-field-code:"seq Reference"'>9</span>]</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td width=548 valign=top style='width:411.1pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal align=left style='text-align:left'><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
|
||
normal'>TLCS-Z80 System Manual</i>, Toshiba, 4419 '84-05(CK), June 1984.<i
|
||
style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><o:p></o:p></i></p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td width=54 valign=top style='width:40.85pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'>[<span
|
||
style='mso-field-code:"seq Reference"'>10</span>]</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td width=548 valign=top style='width:411.1pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal align=left style='text-align:left'><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
|
||
normal'>Microcomputer Components Databook</i>, Mostek, MK79778, July 1979.<i
|
||
style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><o:p></o:p></i></p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td width=54 valign=top style='width:40.85pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'>[<span
|
||
style='mso-field-code:"seq Reference"'>11</span>]</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td width=548 valign=top style='width:411.1pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal align=left style='text-align:left'><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
|
||
normal'>Z80-Assembly Language Programming Manual</i>, Zilog, 03-0002-01, Rev
|
||
B, April 1980.<i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><o:p></o:p></i></p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td width=54 valign=top style='width:40.85pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'>[<span
|
||
style='mso-field-code:"seq Reference"'>12</span>]</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td width=548 valign=top style='width:411.1pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal align=left style='text-align:left'><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
|
||
normal'>The MCS-80/85 Family User's Manual</i>, Intel,
|
||
ISBN 1-55512-009-1, 1986.</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td width=54 valign=top style='width:40.85pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'>[<span
|
||
style='mso-field-code:"seq Reference"'>13</span>]</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td width=548 valign=top style='width:411.1pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal align=left style='text-align:left'><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
|
||
normal'>MCS-48<sup>TM</sup> User's Manual</i>, Intel, 9800270D, July 1978.<i
|
||
style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><o:p></o:p></i></p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td width=54 valign=top style='width:40.85pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'>[<span
|
||
style='mso-field-code:"seq Reference"'>14</span>]</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td width=548 valign=top style='width:411.1pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal align=left style='text-align:left'><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
|
||
normal'>48-Series Microprocessors Handbook</i>, National Semiconductor, 1980.<i
|
||
style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><o:p></o:p></i></p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td width=54 valign=top style='width:40.85pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'>[<span
|
||
style='mso-field-code:"seq Reference"'>15</span>]</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td width=548 valign=top style='width:411.1pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal align=left style='text-align:left'><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
|
||
normal'>Component Data Catalog</i>, Intel, 1980.<i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
|
||
normal'><o:p></o:p></i></p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td width=54 valign=top style='width:40.85pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'>[<span
|
||
style='mso-field-code:"seq Reference"'>16</span>]</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td width=548 valign=top style='width:411.1pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal align=left style='text-align:left'><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
|
||
normal'>An Introduction to Microcomputers: Volume 1, Basic Concepts</i>,
|
||
Second Edition, Adam Osborne, Osborne/McGraw-Hill, ISBN 0-931988-34-9,
|
||
1980.<i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><o:p></o:p></i></p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td width=54 valign=top style='width:40.85pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'>[<span
|
||
style='mso-field-code:"seq Reference"'>17</span>]</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td width=548 valign=top style='width:411.1pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal align=left style='text-align:left'><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
|
||
normal'>Osborne 4 & 8-Bit Microprocessor Handbook</i>, Adam Osborne &
|
||
Gerry Kane, Osborne/McGraw-Hill, ISBN 0-931988-42-X, 1980.<i
|
||
style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><o:p></o:p></i></p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td width=54 valign=top style='width:40.85pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'>[<span
|
||
style='mso-field-code:"seq Reference"'>18</span>]</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td width=548 valign=top style='width:411.1pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal align=left style='text-align:left'><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
|
||
normal'>2650A/2650A-1 Data Sheet</i>, Signetics.</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></p>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div style='mso-element:footnote-list'><![if !supportFootnotes]><br clear=all>
|
||
|
||
<hr align=left size=1 width="33%">
|
||
|
||
<![endif]>
|
||
|
||
<div style='mso-element:footnote' id=ftn1>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoFootnoteText><a style='mso-footnote-id:ftn1' href="#_ftnref1"
|
||
name="_ftn1" title=""><span class=MsoFootnoteReference><span style='font-size:
|
||
8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-text-raise:0pt'><span style='mso-special-character:
|
||
footnote'><![if !supportFootnotes]>[1]<![endif]></span></span></span></a> Some
|
||
sort of formatting is essential; otherwise a hex number starting with an alpha
|
||
character could be confused with a label or symbol name.</p>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</body>
|
||
|
||
</html>
|